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Himalayan Languages Symposium 2010 London, SOAS Alexis Michaud

Irregular tone patterns in numeral-plus-classifier determiners: data from Na, Laze and Naxi, and phylogenetic implications for the Naish language group. Himalayan Languages Symposium 2010 London, SOAS Alexis Michaud. Outline. 1. Introduction

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Himalayan Languages Symposium 2010 London, SOAS Alexis Michaud

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  1. Irregular tone patterns in numeral-plus-classifier determiners: data from Na, Laze and Naxi, and phylogenetic implications for the Naish language group Himalayan Languages Symposium 2010 London, SOAS Alexis Michaud

  2. Outline 1. Introduction 1.1. The search for shared innovations between Naxi, Na and Laze 1.2. Reflections on the time depth of irregular tonal alternations 2. Naxi data 3. Laze data 4. Yongning Na data 5. General discussion & conclusion 5.1. The relationship of Naxi, Laze and Na 5.2. The Naish languages, Shixing, Namuyi and Pumi/Prinmi 5.3. Perspectives for reconstruction

  3. Sino-Tibetan. Yi?? Burmic subgroup?? • Naxi: fieldwork 2002 & 2004 • Yongning Na: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 • Laze: 2008, 2009 • Remarkably similar. To be verified by looking for shared innovations. • Study in areal context. Shixing, Pumi... The Naish languages

  4. 1.1. The search for shared innovations between Na, Laze and Naxi Hypothesis: close; ‘Naish language group’. Engaging in reconstruction (Jacques & Michaud submitted). Na, Laze, Naxi, Shixing In various Qiangic languages. Presumably ancient.

  5. Presence of irregular tonal morphology. 1.2. The time depth of irregularities • Vietnamese: • - ‘10’ mười (IPA : /mɯɤj/, tone A2) • ‘twenty’: hai mươi (same phonemes: /mɯɤj/, different tone: A1). • - ‘many’ nhiều, with tone A2; • ‘how much’ bao nhiêu, where the syllable nhiêu has tone A1 • ngồi ‘to sit’ (A2); ngôi ‘to enthrone’ (A1) • - voi ‘elephant’ (A1); vòi ‘(elephant’s) trunk’ (A2)

  6. Numerals: segmental correspondences May be borrowed. Syntax of classifiers: similar in Naxi, Laze and Na mæ˧v̩˥ ɖɯ˧ i˧ læ˧ʂɯ˧ noun numeral classifier son-in-law one CL for 1 person look for ‘(she went) to look for a husband.’ (Laze, ‘Heavenly Wife’ story)

  7. 2.1. A-sher Naxi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  8. 2.2. Nda-le Naxi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  9. 2.3. Ndzhee-dy Naxi 1 single speaker. University student. Data collected in Kunming in 2009. • Same nouns, classifiers and tonal system as in A-sher Naxi. • Same tonal system +minor differences in realisation (disyllable-initial /H/ realised as [MH] before /L/ or /M/) • No tone sandhi in Num+CL determiners.

  10. 3. Laze

  11. Confirmation of difference between ‘basket’ type and ‘year’ type

  12. 4. Yongning Na

  13. 5. General discussion and conclusion Not an innovation: a global structure, not one single phenomenon. Retention rather than creation

  14. How much weight does this criterion carry? If found in various languages: hardly any weight. If uncommon: good criterion. Pumi/Prinmi: typologically similar; not same structure. (data: G. Jacques)

  15. Many thanks to: the Naxi, Na and Laze language consultants & friends; Katia Chirkova, Guillaume Jacques, Martine Mazaudon, Boyd Michailovsky; Huang Xing, Latami Dashi, Lurong Duoding, Shamalayi, and Sun Hongkai. Funding: CNRS and 4-year project from Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-07-JCJC-0063

  16. 3. Laze

  17. Pumi/Prinmi (G. Jacques) Compositions des tons dans les composés nominaux: dépendents uniquement du 1er élément. H > HH, LH ou HL > LH. La majorité des formes de NUM+CL sont irrégulières, au sens où elle ne suivent pas les règles observées dans les noms.  Schéma tonal le plus courant pour les CL : celui de tə́hnə́ "jour" MAIS : 1) voisement de l'initiale dans tɒ-ɕɛ " et alternance tonale 2) "trois" dans tiɜjmĩ et tɜpɛ̃ : différent des autres numéraux au ton montant.

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