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Feudalism and Manorial System in the Middle Ages

Explore the origins and structure of the feudal and manorial systems in Europe during the Middle Ages, including the roles of knights, lords, peasants, and serfs. Discover how the feudal obligations, financial duties, and social hierarchies shaped medieval society and economy.

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Feudalism and Manorial System in the Middle Ages

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  1. What significant information did Ibn Sina contribute to the Islamic Empire? What did Ibn Battuta contribute? Who were the Germanic tribes and how were they different than the Romans? Who was Charlemagne? What was the most significant thing that happened during his reign? What were three effects of the invasions of the Germanic tribes? Warm-up!

  2. The Feudal and Manorial SystemsChapt 13 Sect 2 Main Idea In Europe during the Middle Ages, the feudal and manorial systems governed life and required people to perform certain duties and obligations.

  3. Origins of Feudalism Knights and Lords • Feudalism originated partly as result of Viking invasions • Kings were unable to defend their lands, gave lands to their nobles • Nobles had to find ways to defend their own lands • Built castles, often on hills • Not elaborate structures; built of wood, used as place of shelter in case of attack • Nobles needed trained soldiers to defend castles • Knights most important, highly skilled soldiers • Mounted knights in heavy armor best defenders • Being a knight is expensive; had to maintain weapons, armor, horses • Knights demanded payment for services The Feudal System Knights did not exist at the beginning of the Middle Ages but began to emerge, out of necessity, as the period progressed.

  4. Knights were usually paid for their services with land Anyone accepting land was called a vassal Person from whom he accepted fief was his lord (person that gave a vassal land) Historians call system of exchanging land for service the feudal system, or feudalism

  5. Feudal Obligations • Oath of Fealty • Lords and vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one another • Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to his lord • Had to promise to remain loyal; promise called oath of fealty • Financial Obligations • Knight had certain financial obligations to lord • Knight obligated to pay ransom for lord’s release if captured in battle • Gave money to lord on special occasions, such as knighting of son • Lord’s Obligations • Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demanding too much time, money • Had to protect knight if attacked by enemies • Had to act as judge in disputes between knights

  6. Lords, Peasants, and Serfs Serfdom Free People • Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights • Peasants farmed manor fields • Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for themselves • Most peasants on farm were serfs, tied to manor • Not slaves; could not be sold away from manor • But could not leave, or marry without lord’s permission • Manors had some free people who rented land from lord • Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers • Also had a priest for spiritual needs The Manorial System The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors.

  7. Small Village • Each manor included fortified house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs • Goal to make manor self-sufficient • Typical manor also included church, mill, blacksmith A Typical Manor • Most of the manor’s land was occupied by fields for crops & pastures for animals • Medieval farmers learned that leaving a field empty for a year improved the soil • In time, this practice developed into three-field crop rotation system

  8. CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES (LORDS) LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS/ VASSALS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

  9. Summarize How did the feudal system work? Answer(s): lord gave land to knight in return for protection and loyalty

  10. Analyze How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system? Answer(s): lords' farmlands were taken care of, produced food; peasants were provided protection from invaders

  11. Roman World Feudal World

  12. Everyone owed loyalty to the ________ _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king. Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________. __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to. REVIEW Let’s see how much you remember!

  13. Everyone owed loyalty to theking. Nobleswere really the most powerful. They gotlandfrom the king. Lesser nobles (knights) gavemilitaryservicein return for land. Serfswere bound to the land. They worked in return forprotection. Freemenwere skilled workers. They paid rent to thenoblesand were free to move if they wanted to. Check Your Answers

  14. THE END HISTORY NOTES

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