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Explore the dynamic shifts in politics, religion, and culture between Charlemagne and the Crusades. Dive into the socio-economic changes, emergence of feudalism, guilds, and rise of towns. Uncover the impact of the Crusades and significant figures like William the Conqueror, Philip II Augustus, and Pope Innocent III. Delve into literature with "The Song of Roland” and discuss themes of heroism, Christianity, and justice. Understand the transformation of society through the Three Estates and the changing nature of the Church and nobility. Learn about key events like the Black Death and the Hundred Years’ War.
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Y1K • Changes between Charlemagne and the Year 1000 • Post-Carolingian Invasions • Pre-millennial Frenzy • Agriculture • Feudalism • Technology and Science • Revival of Manufacturing • Guilds • Emergence of Capitalism • Rise of Towns Key Terms Magyars feudalism guild
The Crusades • First Crusade (1095-1099) • Second Crusade (1147-1149) • Third Crusade (1188-1192) • Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) • Children’s Crusade (1212) Key Terms First Crusade
France • The Capetian Dynasty (987-1328) • Hugh Capet (987-996) • Philip II Augustus (1180-1223) Key Terms Philip II Augustus
Germany • Otto the Great (936-973) • Heinrich IV (1050-1106) • Pope Gregory VII (1088-1099) • Friedrich II Hohenstaufen (1212-1250) Key Terms Heinrich IV Friedrich II Hohenstaufen
England • Alfred the Great (871-901) • William the Conqueror (1066-1087) • Battle of Hastings (1066) • Henry II (1154-1189) • Eleanor of Aquitaine • Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199) • John (1199-1216) • Magna Carta Key Terms William the Conqueror Henry II Magna Carta
both names are key terms Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
The Song of Roland • Introduction • chansons de geste • Questions for Discussion • What is Ganelon’s gripe with Roland (20-23)? • Is this a tale of "Roman" heroism? Compare Charles and Roland with Aeneas: what are they fighting for? how do they behave? what obstacles and enemies do they face? (41-43, 178) • How are Muslims portrayed in this story? How accurate is their portrayal? (32, 72, 78) • Describe the Christianity exhibited in the poem. How had it changed since New Testament times? (33, 89-90, 95, 114-116, 150, 180, 272) • What does Roland’s refusal to blow the horn tell you about his character (83-87)?
The Song of Roland (cont’d) • What is the significance of the glove in Roland’s death scene (174-175)? • What is the significance of the broken lance point that Charlemagne has (183)? • How does the defeat of the Muslims affect Bramimonde (195-196)? • What does the trial of Ganelon tell us about the medieval conception of justice? (276-296)
The Three Estates • 1. Those who pray (The Church) • 2. Those who fight (The Nobility) • 3. Those who work (The Commoners)
Changing Nature of the Church (first estate) • Status at the Beginning of the 14th Century • Changes in the Roles of the Clergy • Symbols and Saints • Religious Crisis • Phillip IV of France vs. Pope Boniface VIII • Unan Sanctam • Clement V • The Avignon Papacy (1309-1376) • a.k.a. “The Babylonian Captivity” • The Great Schism (1378-1417) • Catherine of Sienna • Continued Papal Decline and Corruption
Changing Nature of the Noble Class (2nd estate) • Definition • Privileges and Exclusivity • Excesses • The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) • Early Battles • Henry V • Joan of Arc • Consequences of the War • Changes in the Nature of Warfare
Changing Nature of the Common Class (3rd estate) • Growth of Cities • Artisans and Merchants • Rural Peasants • Women and Children • Violence • Jacquerie Revolt (1358)
