Holistic Care Chapter 2

1. Holistic CareChapter 2 Foundations of Nursing Lois White Sharon L Kinley-Schwing Rn BSN PHN Edited by: Leslie Lehmkuhl, 2008 Pacific College 2007

2. Key Terms • Attitude • Body Mechanics • Culture • Health • Health continuum (Figure 2-3) • Holistic • Homeostasis

3. Intellectual Wellness • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Figure 2-4) • Physical Wellness • Psychological Wellness • Self-awareness • Self-concept • Social-cultural wellness • Spiritual Wellness • Wellness

4. PROFESSIONAL CAREGIVERS • Work together to promote and maintain client health. • Most simply, health means that an organization is performing its vital functions normally and properly.

5. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

6. HEALTH & HOLISTIC HEALTH • Health is a person’s physical well-being. • Holistic is from the Greek word holos, meaning whole. • Holistic health views the physical, intellectual, socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual aspects of a person’s life as an integrated whole. • Homeostasis: The balance or stability of the body, mind and spirit.

7. THE HOLISTIC VIEW

8. HOLISTIC CARE • National Institutes of Health defines this as care that “considers the whole person, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects.” • The nurse helps the client in attaining the best state for healing to occur.

9. Biofeedback Exercise and movement Goal-setting Humor and laughter Imagery Journaling Massage Play therapy Prayer Therapeutic touch SOME HOLISTIC MODALITIES(class activity)

10. A HEALER … • Demonstrates awareness that self-healing is a continual process. • Is familiar with self-development. • Recognizes personal strengths and weaknesses. • Models self-care. • Respects and loves clients.

11. A HEALER… (continued) • Demonstrates awareness that personal presence is as important as technical skills. • Presumes that clients know the best life choices. • Guides clients in discovering creative options.

12. A HEALER … (continued) • Listens actively. • Shares insights without imposing personal values and beliefs. • Accepts client input without judgment. • Views time spent with clients as an opportunity to serve and share.

13. NURSING THE WHOLE PERSON • A comprehensive approach to health care considers the whole person and their ability to meet self-care needs. • Takes into account the individual’s responsibility for personal well-being. • Teaches preventive care.

14. WELLNESS • Is a responsibility, a choice, a lifestyle design that helps maintain the highest potential for personal health.

15. THE HEALTH CONTINUUM • Is a way to visualize the range of an individual’s health, from highest health potential to death. Highest health to death.

16. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY Of Needs • 5 related level of needs needed to maintain life • A theory of behavioral motivation based on needs. • Many nursing programs use this as a basis for planning the care of clients. • Maslow’s Theorys are used today in many areas of nursing education and patient care.

17. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY of needs cont. Beginning with the most important: • Physiological (Base of hierarchy) • Safety and security • Love and belonging • Self-esteem • Self-actualization (top of heiarchy)

18. The needs of the lower levels (O2, h2O, food, elimination) must be met before a person is motivated to meet the needs of the next higher level.

19. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS • Air, water (most important nutrient needed for wellness), food, elimination, rest (sleep)/activity (exercise), and sex. • The basic physiological needs must be met before higher-level needs become motivators of behavior.

20. SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS • The needs for shelter, stability, security, physical safety, and freedom from undue anxiety. • Safety needs include both physical and emotional aspects.

21. LOVE AND BELONGING NEEDS • Incorporate the giving and receiving of affection. • Meeting these needs is extremely important for mental health.

22. SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS • These are met by achieving success in work and other activities. • Recognition from others increases self-esteem.

23. SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS • This is the highest level of the hierarchy. • A person who has met these needs is: • Confident. • Self-fulfilled. • Creative. • Looks for challenges. • Sees beauty and order in the world.

24. REMEMBER ... • Individuals do not move steadily up the hierarchy. • As life situations change, needs change, and behavior is motivated by different levels of the hierarchy.

25. PROVIDING QUALITY CARE • You must be aware of yourself. • You must take care of your own needs before you can take care of others.

26. SELF-AWARENESS • Consciously knowing how the self thinks, feels, believes, and behaves at any specific time. • May be uncomfortable. • The self-aware nurse is more likely to make decisions in response to client’s needs rather than nurse’s own needs.

27. SELF-CONCEPT • How a person thinks or feels about himself. • Begins forming in infancy. • Develops through feedback from others.

28. SELF-CARE • The most effective means to teach wellness is by positive example. • Remind yourself and your clients that health is a personal choice and that each person has control over his or her own wellness.

29. THE FULL Meaning of Holistic Care • Help clients understand how: physical, intellectual, socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual health are all related.

30. PHYSICAL WELLNESS • Refers to a healthy body that functions at an optimal level. • Includes: grooming, proper body mechanics, good posture, nutrition, sleep/ rest / relaxation, exercise, and refraining from smoking, drugs, and alcohol.

31. Bathe daily. Use deodorant. Hair should be neatly combed, styled. Brush teeth frequently. Avoid perfumes. GROOMING

32. ALSO • Practice good hand hygiene. • Use lotion to prevent dry, cracked skin. • Fingernails should be short and clean. • Jewelry is inappropriate. • Heavy makeup should be avoided.

33. BODY MECHANICS • Using the body in the safest and most efficient way to move or lift objects.

34. POSTURE • The basis for proper body mechanics. • Means the ability to carry oneself well and in correct body alignment. • Remember that your posture sends messages about your attitude and feelings.

35. SMOKING • Is unhealthy. • May be personally offensive to clients. • Smoke odors may cause allergic reactions or nausea. • Nurses who smoke must take great care to ensure that no offensive tobacco odors remain on their clothes or breath.

36. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL • “Impaired Caregivers” programs available. • Nurses should never give or make available any drug without the written order of a physician or nurse practitioner. • Nurses have an obligation to let supervisors know if a co-worker is abusing drugs or alcohol. • Nurses have an obligation to their clients and peers to ask for help if they have a problem.

37. NUTRITION • A balanced diet is required for optimal body function. • Food is a basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy. • Breakfast is very important. • Snacks should be planned and healthy.

38. REMEMBER WATER • Water is the body’smost importantnutrient. • The average adultneeds 6–8 glassesa day.

39. Sleep, Rest, Relax and Exercise • Wellness also means taking time to enjoy yourself. • The body replenishes its energy reserves and heals during sleep. • Rest is a time of inner quiet and physical inactivity. • Relaxation is doing something just for the fun of it. • Exercise increases heart rate and breathing, circulation improves, and muscles stretch.

40. INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS • The ability to function as an independent person and make sound decisions. • Clear thinking and problem-solving skills. • Good judgment. • A desire to learn.

41. SOCIOCULTURAL WELLNESS • Ability to appreciate the needs of others and to care about one’s environment and the inhabitants of it. • Culture influences a person’s views about wellness and response to illness. • Nurses should accept each person as an individual.

42. PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLNESS • Includes the enjoyment of creativity, loving and being loved, and understanding and controlling emotions. • Includes having a positive attitude.

43. SPIRITUAL WELLNESS • Manifests itself as inner strength and peace. • Spirituality is broader than religion. • Spirituality involves one’s relationship with self, others, the natural order, and a higher power. • For many, religious practices are an expression of their spirituality. • The nurse must respect the spiritual needs of their clients.

44. NURTURE YOURSELF! • The demands of clients, employers, and coworkers can cause stress for the nurse. • Those who don’t nurture themselves will suffer stress symptoms and illnesses.

45. SELF-NURTURING TIPS • Develop activities to recharge your body, mind, and spirit. • Make time for fun. Any activity that brings happiness or joy is beneficial. • Schedule a few minutes each day for pleasure.

46. FOR NURSES … Wellness means practicing wellness habits daily and serving as role models of the holistically healthy individual.

47. Questions ?

48. Answers to the Review Questions • 1. Rest is defined as: • d. conscious freedom from activity and worry. • 2. What responsibility does the nurse have who believes a colleague is abusing drugs? • Report it to the supervisor. • 3. What can be the result when breakfast is omitted? • b. The person is left tired, weak, and hungry. • 4. Positive or negative feelings about people, places, or things are called: • d. attitudes. • 5. The aspects of total wellness are: • b. physical, psychological, spiritual, intellectual, and sociocultural