FOOD TECHNOLOGY Stage 6 - HSC Course

1. FOOD TECHNOLOGY Stage 6 - HSC Course THE AUSTRALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY

2. The Australian Food Industry There are three areas of study for this topic: • Sectors of the Australian Food Industry • Aspects of the Australian Food Industry • Policy and Legislation (see syllabus pages 18-19)

3. The Australian Food Industry • What do you think of when the words “the Australian Food Industry” is said. • Have a minute to think. • Write down your answer.

4. The Australian Food Industry Perhaps your answer included: • Agriculture • Fisheries • Food processing • Food manufacturing • Food service & catering • Food retail

5. The Australian Food Industry • A whole collection of commercial activities, organisations & technologies that a society develops in order to feed itself. • This will include activities associated with the care & collection of the food supply & its processing, storage, distribution & sale to the consumer.

6. The Australian Food Industry Changes in the industry develop over time. Why? • New foods & technologies become available • Society is influenced towards different tastes & food habits • Population expands or declines

7. The Australian Food Industry • Main sectors of the agri-food chain

8. THE AUSTRALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY SECTORS OF THE AUST FOOD INDUSTRY

9. The Australian Food Industry Introduction • The AFI involves the organised production, processing, storage & marketing of food products of mostly a very high standard. • About 90% of the food available in Australia is locally produced, & our food industry is quite efficient.

10. The Australian Food Industry • However, with the changes in the retail sector this is changing with many products coming from overseas to keep the price down. • Many companies in the AFI import ingredients from overseas to add to products that are commercially prepared in Australia to the local economy.

11. The Australian Food Industry • The industry aims to provide a steady supply of a variety of palatable convenient foods which are readily available, regardless of the geographic location, & which have a reasonable shelf-life.

12. The Australian Food Industry • By ‘extending the harvest’ through correct storage & various processing techniques, we are able to have any food we want at any time of the year, whether that food is in or out of season. • However, some producers & retailers still increase the costs of these foods to supplement the technology required to achieve out of season produce.

13. The Australian Food Industry • Whatever the demands of consumers, it is important for all areas of the food industry to remember that they are responsible for the management of natural resources (ecological sustainability) related to their part of the food chain.

14. The Australian Food Industry Overview of the AFI • Australia is a big country with the potential to feed a large number of people. • It has significant areas of agricultural land ideal for food production. • Its capacity to produce a wide range of high quality agricultural raw materials, & to process them competitively, makes it an ideal location for food processing activities.

15. The Australian Food Industry • The wide spread climatic conditions – tropical to sub-temperate – means that Australia can produce almost any type of food. • The proximity to Asia means that there is long term potential for Australian food products.

16. The Australian Food Industry The ingredients for success of the AFI are: • Significant areas of agricultural land • Relatively clean air & water • Farming expertise • Scientific research

17. The Australian Food Industry • Cheap energy • Advanced packaging capability • Improving infrastructure • An increasingly favourable manufacturing environment

18. The Australian Food Industry Development of the AFI • Developed from an agricultural base • Grown into a large part of the economy • Strong involvement in export of agricultural products • Importance of value-added products • Food exports – processed & unprocessed – currently $15 billion & increasing for the Australian economy.

19. The Australian Food Industry • The AFI has many strengths that enable it to compete successfully on the world market. • Industry has access to a variety of agricultural sectors. • Provides products that are out of season to Canada, Europe & Asia.

20. The Australian Food Industry • The AFI has invested a large amount of money in research of agricultural, food science, technology & a skilled workforce. • Low levels of pollution in the Australian environment means better quality agricultural products.

21. The Australian Food Industry Major influences on the AFI • Economy • Education • Geography • Immigration • Technology • European settlement • Environment • Government • Development

22. The Australian Food Industry Sectors of the AFI • The production & supply of food for the consumer is referred to as the agri-food chain. The four sectors of the agri-food chain are: • Agriculture & Fisheries • Food Processing/Manufacturing • Food Service & Catering • Food Retail

23. The Australian Food Industry Agriculture & Fisheries • 2/3rds of Australian land is used for farming. • Agriculture is the name given to all grown food – including plants & animals. • Fisheries is the production of plants & animals in the water environment. • Commercial fishing is the best known part of this sector, however aquaculture is gaining importance.

24. The Australian Food Industry Food Processing/Manufacturing • The plants & animals produced by the agricultural & fisheries sector are usually altered in some way before they reach the consumer. • Value has been added to the food product through some form of processing.

25. The Australian Food Industry Food Service & Catering • Often referred to as the Hospitality industry. • Includes foods served to customers: • In restaurants • By takeaway restaurants • From school canteens • On airlines & long distance trains • At catered functions – sporting events, business meals, parties, weddings etc

26. The Australian Food Industry Food Retail • Provides places where the consumer can buy processed food products. • Retailers vary in size & in the types of foods they sell. • Specialty stores, such as bakeries, butchers & delis fall into the category of small retail outlets.

27. The Australian Food Industry Recent developments in the AFI The important driving forces behind developments in any particular sector of the food industry are: • Advances in technology • The need for companies to grow & prosper • World & local events – wars, immigration, droughts & economic depressions • Consumer expectations

28. THE AUSTRALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY ASPECTS OF THE AUST FOOD INDUSTRY

29. The Australian Food Industry Levels of Operation & Mechanisation • Refers to the scale of food production, as well as the amount & sophistication of the technology used. • The level of technology (mechanisation & computerisation) used by an operation generally increases with the size of the operation.

30. The Australian Food Industry • Larger companies tend to have increased political influence over a range of food issues. • Many successful large business are being taken over by multinational companies.

31. The Australian Food Industry Levels of Operation & Mechanisation The various levels of operation are: • The household level – small farm with low levels of technology • The small business level – local bakeries & often family run business • Large companies – state or country e.g. United Dairies • Multinationals - large scale global world companies e.g. McDonalds

32. The Australian Food Industry Research & Development • The process used to create new products. • Competition drives food manufacturers to create new products for the purpose of winning market share. • The marketplace is expanding & consumer groups are very diverse. • Continual pressure from consumers to produce innovative products to meet changing consumer needs.

33. The Australian Food Industry Research & Development (R&D) • Only a limited amount of money is spent on R&D. • CSIRO carries out R&D for a variety of food sectors. • FSANZ fund research into areas that have direct impact on food standards. Read pg 145 of the text & answer the activity questions.

34. The Australian Food Industry Quality Assurance • Quality is the ability to meet requirements. • Quality is assessed by the consumer. • Quality control refers to the processes employed to meet standards. • Quality control is the measurement of characteristics, comparing them to a standard & then acting on differences.

35. The Australian Food Industry Quality control consists of: • Economically developing, • designing, • producing, • marketing & • servicing products – including customer complain procedures that will satisfy consumers. In Australia, consumers have the support of consumer organisations (consumer affairs bureau) to ensure product satisfaction.

36. The Australian Food Industry Within a food company all levels of management, all staff, factories & individual departments must work together to achieve quality assurance (QA). QA is the responsibility of every person within the production of a food product. QA is the ultimate aim of quality control.

37. The Australian Food Industry • To ensure quality assurance companies will follow HACCP procedures. • HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT – learn this! • This aims to identify problem areas in food production (assessment of hazards) & monitor them to ensure nothing goes wrong.

38. The Australian Food Industry Consumer influences on food industry organisations • A wise producer of food stays abreast of changes in the marketplace via market research & can then supply consumers with products they want or need.

39. The Australian Food Industry • Food trends are continually changing • They may be influenced by health issues, technological improvements, drought, environmental, demographic & geographic issues. • See text pg 146 table 8.4 – write a summary of the table in your own words in your workbook

40. The Australian Food Industry Impact of food industry on the environment • Conventional farming uses chemicals to control weeds, pests, prevent disease, regulate growth & fertilise. • Unfortunately the long term damage is clear & not promising - salination of rivers, soil acidification, erosion, blue-green algae in waterways & poisoning of native wildlife.

41. The Australian Food Industry • Organic farming is the alternative. • It does not just mean chemical free. • It involves chemical free plant & animal production, improving fertility & organic matter in the soil. • Organic farmers are considerate of others in the environment. • Read text pgs 147-148.

42. The Australian Food Industry Environment based trends have emerged: • Greater consideration given to farming techniques • Farming practices have used scientific methods to improve food production • Organically farmed products grown in popularity – clean green food products • Careful disposal of manufacturing wastes, reduction of packaging & increased use of recycled packaging

43. The Australian Food Industry Impact of the food industry on society • Consumers have changed as technological improvements have been implemented by the AFI. • Today we have a huge array of foods to choose from. • We shop in air conditioned comfort. • We have take – away choices & if we want we don’t have to cook food at home at all.

44. The Australian Food Industry Impact of the food industry on the economy • The food industry is the largest manufacturing sector. • Manufacturing in Australia means money stays in Australia & jobs are provided for Australians. • Money is then spent on agriculture, fisheries & manufacturing. • Exports are then higher influencing the nation’s economy. • Expanding enormously because of the rapid growth in the tourism industry (food service & catering)

45. The Australian Food Industry Career opportunities & working conditions • The food industry employs a large number of people. • Working conditions vary depending on the nature of the business. • Skilled workers are on the increase. • Depending on the nature of the business employees may need to work in unusual working conditions. E.g. butchers need to work in 10˚C.

46. The Australian Food Industry • Can you think of different areas they could work? • Food retail • Food service & catering • Food processing & manufacture • Agriculture & fisheries

47. THE AUSTRALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY POLICY AND LEGISLATION

48. The Australian Food Industry Policy is: • Strategies used by governments to improve working conditions, health, employment & foreign investment. • These strategies are policies. • The content of policies changes with a change in government.

49. The Australian Food Industry Legislation is: • A law that Parliament has passed. • It describes what can & cannot be done in specific situations. • Companies that don’t follow legislation can be put out of business. • Some businesses follow self regulation – they develop codes of practice for specific issues such as food safety, product recall & promotion.

50. The Australian Food Industry Advisory Groups • Governments cannot be expected to know about every industry in the country. • There are various independent organisations that guide & advise on policy & legislation. • There are many groups that lobby governments about the food industry. • Read pages 151-152 of the text.