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Culture: What is it?

Culture: What is it?. Value system Norms, beliefs, behaviors Common way of thinking Society’s communicable knowledge Society’s characteristics passed on generation by generation. General Issues. Differences in culture Measurement Adaptation and Acculturation Similarities in culture.

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Culture: What is it?

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  1. Culture: What is it? • Value system • Norms, beliefs, behaviors • Common way of thinking • Society’s communicable knowledge • Society’s characteristics passed on generation by generation

  2. General Issues • Differences in culture • Measurement • Adaptation and Acculturation • Similarities in culture

  3. Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture • Power Distance • Small - trusting, less formal organizations • Large - mistrusting, hierarchical organizations • Uncertainty Avoidance • Weak - risk is non-threatening; diversity is appreciated • Strong - risk averse, diversity is threatening • Individualism • Collectivist - belonging to groups ideal; group decision making • Individualist - individual initiative and achievement; leadership is the ideal • Masculinity • Feminine - quality of life; people and relationships come first • Masculine - performance; money and transactions come first

  4. INTERPERSONAL Punctuality Interpersonal distance Tempo of business Negotiations Bribery Linear vs. circular communication High vs. low context communication ORGANIZATIONAL Organizational structure Decision making Leadership Adaptation of products HRM policies Entry mode choice Location of value-creating activities Implications for Management

  5. Leadership • Perceived levels of power • Quality/characteristics of exchange with subordinates • Communication patterns • Trust (both ways) • Delegation of tasks

  6. Organizational Structures/Systems • Formality of policies and rules • Hierarchical vs. “flat” organizational chart • Mechanistic vs. organic • Authoritative vs. concensual decision making • HRM systems • Accounting systems

  7. Interpersonal Relationships With … • Customers • Suppliers • Subordinates/superiors • Co-workers

  8. Motivation and Reward • Formation/role of setting goals • Achievements • Compensation system • Job satisfaction • Organizational commitment

  9. Communication and Meaning(Aside from Language) Low Context Explicit: Written/ Spoken Meaning Context: Surroundings/ Non-verbal High Context

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