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Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115 Naziaty Mohd Yaacob

Lecture 2 Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture (600 to 900 AD) Gothic Architecture (1000 to 1400 AD). Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115 Naziaty Mohd Yaacob. Around AD 0 to AD 1143. Byzantine Architecture. The Pantheon, Rome. Basilica. Construction of Walls and Arches.

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Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115 Naziaty Mohd Yaacob

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  1. Lecture 2Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture(600 to 900 AD)Gothic Architecture (1000 to 1400 AD) Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115 Naziaty Mohd Yaacob

  2. Around AD 0 to AD 1143

  3. Byzantine Architecture

  4. The Pantheon, Rome

  5. Basilica

  6. Construction of Walls and Arches

  7. Construction of vaults and domes

  8. The Pantheon, Rome

  9. Pendentives • How to fit a dome over a square and not have walls • B) Use a series of small arches (squinches) until an octagonal base is formed. • C) Curved triangular segments (pendentives) inserted between the four arches that form the square

  10. HAGIA SOPHIA 532 - 7 A.D.

  11. HAGIA SOPHIA • Excellent example of creating a unified series of spaces based on a centralised dome, surrounded by semi-domes.

  12. PLAN OF HAGIA SOPHIA

  13. Hagia Sophia • About 100 ft in diameter where the central domed space dominated the architecture • Use of ‘Pendentives’ • Mosaic • Marble • Solid /void • Light/dark • Mysterious -Screen of Columns

  14. The Byzantine Dome

  15. SS. Sergius and Bacchus: Constantinople

  16. S. Vitale : Ravenna

  17. Other Byzantine Churches

  18. The Evolution of the Early Christian Churches

  19. Basilica : S. Peter’s Rome

  20. Early Christian churches adopted the Roman Basilica form which is suitable to the needs of the church rites and rituals. • The Basilica form is the prototype of the earliest and simplest Christian churches.

  21. Basilican church type

  22. Forms of Early Churches

  23. Basilica shaped Church of S Sabina with circumbulatory spaces for the processions of pilgrimage along the aisles and the altar at the apse end.

  24. Roman vault inspired medieval architecture

  25. Romanesque Architecture The typical Romanesque church had; • thick walls • columns built close together • heavy curved arches. A tower rose from the roof over the point where the transept crossed the nave. Four large supports called piers held up the tower. An arcade separated the nave from the side aisles. A gallery was built above the arcade. The clerestory, made up of a row of windows set in arches, topped the gallery

  26. Durham cathedral • Not yet gothic • Norman period • Rounded arches Durham Cathedral started in the 11th century Later introduction of Gothic elements

  27. 12th century church St Clemente, Rome, built over the remains of a 4th century basilica

  28. Apart from the nave and the aisles, it has an atrium or forecourt with ablutionary fountain and a large narthex or porch where the penitents and the unbaptized could hear the services

  29. Romanesque • S Michele

  30. Monastery of St Gallen • 9th century

  31. Durham cathedral • Not yet gothic • Norman period • Rounded arches Durham Cathedral started in the 11th century Later introduction of Gothic elements

  32. Gothic Architecture • Key features of Gothic architecture were: • The pointed arch • The flying buttress • The vaulting rib • The moulding • Gothic builders used these key features to perfect the system and built higher and higher

  33. Every part depend upon every part

  34. Firstly, it was a system whereby a fireproof roof of stone had its outward thrust resisted by external buttresses. Secondly, It was a carved architecture because every stone is carved for its position with mouldings. Every element – rib, mullion, shaft, arch, jamb, thus incorporating: function, structure and decoration. What is Gothic Architecture?

  35. English Gothic Architecture • Westminster Abbey • Different stages of development best shown here, typical of manyGothic churches. • Pointed arches • Ribbed vaults • Flying buttresses

  36. Pointed Arch • A) The round arch requires a square vaulting bay • B) If rectangular bay, round arch on shorter side must be raised (a) • C) All arches can be on same level and get the rectangular bay. Just some more pointed than others • D) Additional ribs can be added.

  37. Evolution of Gothic Vaulting

  38. Evolution of Gothic Vaulting

  39. Peterborough Cathedral • Norman period • Rounded arches

  40. Types of Arches

  41. Types of Arches

  42. Piers, capitals and bases • The size of the Gothic structure such as piers, capitals and bases are reduced more and more throughout the different periods: norman, early english, decorated and finally, perpendicular.

  43. Different periods

  44. Gothic Cathedrals

  45. Gothic Cathedrals

  46. Early churches were built, in most cases, on the oblong basilica plan or the round or many-sided centralized plan. Old St. Peter's, left, which stood on the site of the present St. Peter's in Rome, was the best-known early Christian basilica. It was begun about 330. San Vitale, right, is a centralized church in the Byzantine style. It was built in Ravenna, Italy, in the mid-500's.

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