Partner Alliance for Safer Schools (PASS)

1. Partner Alliance for Safer Schools (PASS) Helping School Districts with Security Questions

2. Housekeeping Items Resources The PASS K12 Website Link to Resources http://passk12.org/toolkits/

3. Goals for Today • Threats Facing Schools • Security is a Community Based • Layered Approach to School Security • Assessing Processes and Technology • The TIER Continuum • Next Steps

4. Recognition “A veteran - whether active duty, retired, national guard or reserve - is someone who, at one point in his/her life, wrote a blank check made payable to "The United States of America," for an amount of "up to and including my life."  That is honor, and there are way too many people in this country who no longer understand it. -- Author Unknown

5. K-12 Security Issues Challenges: • Funding • Tight Budgets • Fund Education OR Safety • Accountability • To Parents • To Students • To the School Board • To the Staff • Apathy • “It Won’t Happen Here”

6. K-12 Security Issues Limited Resources Limited Security Standards Security Processes Security Technology Limited Education Unbiased Security Recommendations Limited Security Personnel FTEs Not Allocated for Security SROs not Always an Option

7. Risk Unique to Schools • Parental Custodial Concerns • Unsupervised Visitors • Gang Activity • Trespassers • Bullying and Harassment • Community Use of Facilities • Before and After School Programs • Portable Classrooms • Open Campus Environment • Vulnerability to Kidnappers and Sexual Predators • Active Shooters

8. Security Touches…… Law Enforcement Support Visionary Leader Manager Security Director Uptime Parents Community I.T. Fire Marshal Databases Media Network Infrastructure Admin Standards Software Facilities Integrator Fencing/Gates Logistics Support Staff Windows Budgets Software Vendors Keys Processes Integration Hardware Doors/Hardware Design Services

9. Where Does One Begin? Approach +Team + Process = Technology • Process • Security • Life Safety • Emergency Management • Enhanced Learning Environment • Technology • Infrastructure • Integrator/Vendors/Manufacturers • Design • Approach • Best Practices in Life Safety • PASS K-12 • Security in Layers • Team • School District • Community • Information Technology • Integrator • Law Enforcement • Fire Marshal (Local AHJ)

10. Fire Safety Approach Fuel Heat Oxygen

11. Fire Safety Approach Mitigating Chemical Reaction while Increasing Situational Awareness Heat • Threat = Fire • Fuel, Oxygen, Heat • Required for a Fire Event • Can be Together and NOT have a Fire • MUST Have a Chemical Reaction • Mitigating Chemical Reactions Through Barriers: • Processes • Technology • Situational Awareness • Empowerment • Respect but not FEAR Fire Fuel Oxygen Chemical Reaction

12. PASS K12 Approach Mitigating Vulnerability while Increasing Situational Awareness Target • Threat, Target & Opportunity • Required for a Security Incident • Can be Together and NOT have an Incident • MUST Have a Vulnerability • Mitigating Vulnerability Through Barriers: • Processes • Technology • Situational Awareness • Empowerment • Respect but not FEAR Opportunity Threat Incident Vulnerability

13. Layered Security Approach • An Outside - In Approach • Barrier Layers • School Perimeter • School Exterior • Entrance to the Building • Inside the Building • Process • Technology Graphic Provided by Safe and Sound Schools.org

14. The TIER Continuum

15. TIER I – Getting Started Basics for: Procedure Implementation Identify Improvements Technology Implementation Minimal Funding Best Practices to Begin Security Enhancements Strategic Starting Point Implementing Technology TIER I

16. TIER 1: Set Expectations Security is NOT a Sprint Security IS a Marathon • Takes a Team • Requires a Process • Set Realistic Goals • One Process or One Technology does not make a school safe • Learn from Fire Safety and How we Educate our Children • No “stopping point” • Like Education, advancement in understanding and technology change how to approach Security • Requires Maintenance • As technology and understanding advance, security should advance as well

17. TIER I: Form a Team • Administration and Law Enforcement • Superintendent or Asst. Superintendent • District Level (CSO) • Local, County State Law Enforcement • IT • CSIO (Chief Security Information Officer) • Operations and Door Hardware • Facilities/Maintenance • Door Hardware Expert • Integrator • Business Partner

18. TIER 1: Community Involvement • Funding • Bonds • PTA • Enhancing Learning Through Safety • (Need Stats that show grade improvement) • Teaching Life Skills • Changing Societal Expectations

19. TIER II – Enhancement Begin Enhancing Security: Adding Barriers Enhancing Processes Establishing Realistic Security Enhancement Goals Establish Funding: Requirements for Security Staff and/or SROs Technology Improvements TIER II

20. Tier II: Processes • Security • Drills/Training • Securing the Building • Evacuating the Building • Knuckleheads (my term for Active Shooter) • Emergency Response • Medical • Bullying/Harassment/Fights • Severe Weather

21. TIER III – Putting It All Together From the Outside - In Procedures and Technology to form an Integrated Approach to a Safer School Yearly Spending Plan for Improvements Identify Prevention Opportunities Culture Change through Process and Technology TIER III

22. Tier III: The Technology • Must Have the Right Foundation • IP Based: • PoE Infrastructure • Network Robust Enough For Technology • Proprietary VS Open Source • Advantages/Disadvantages • Bullying/Harassment/Fights • Ability to Integrate • Can Video Surveillance System “Talk” to the Access Control System

23. Tier III: The Infrastructure Analogue vs IP Proprietary vs Open Source • Analogue • Limited Expansion/Replacement • Cost Intensive to Maintain • Interfacing not Integrating • IP Based: • PoE Infrastructure • Easily Expanded/Replaced • Dedicated Network • Integration Easier • Proprietary • Limited to One Manufacture • Limited to One or Two Integrators • Interfacing not Integrating • Open Source: • Multiple Manufactures to Mix and Match to Suit Schools Unique Needs • Easy to “Modify” to Accommodate the School • Vendor/Integrator Agnostic • Integration Easier

24. Tier III: The Integrator • Business Partner • Best Interests of the School, NOT the Company • Experienced in the Educational Space • Understands and Supports Multiple Technologies • Follows PASS K-12 Guidelines • Continuing Education of Technical Staff • Team Dedicated to the School • Design • Sales • Implementation • Maintenance

25. TIER IV – The PASS School Security is No Longer a Project – It is a Way of Life Processes are Automatic Safety is Established Threats Still Exist Continue to Improve Processes and Technology Threats are Controlled, Not Controlling TIER IV

26. TIER IV: Video Surveillance Design • Cameras • Placement per Outside-IN Approach • MP or HD • Exterior/Interior - Day/Night • PoE Based • Video Management System • Direct Protocols to Multiple Manufacturers • Latest Compression Algorithms • Expandability • Options for View Clients • Web Browsing • Mobile Applications • Operating Systems • Windows • Linux • Apple • Virtual

27. TIER IV: Access Control Design • Controllers • Network Based • PoE Capable • Battery/UPS Back Up • Access Control System • Work with Multiple Card Readers • Integrate with Duress, Video Surveillance and Emergency Communication Systems • Provide a District Wide Solution • Options for View Clients • Web Browsing • Mobile Applications • Operating Systems • Windows • Linux • Apple • Virtual • Readers • Design using Outside In Layered Approach • Multi-Format

28. TIER IV: Emergency Communication • Duress Systems • Wired or Wireless • Placement in Classrooms and Emergency Exits • Monitored by EMS • Integrate with Mass Notification System • Two-Way Communication • CAT 5 Infrastructure • VoIP Capable • Interface with Fire Alarm System • Web Based Options • Mobile Applications • Mass Notification Systems • Design Like a Fire Alarm System • Supervised • Integration with: • Weather Alerts • Social Media • Mobile Applications

30. References Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics, “Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2013” (2014):http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2014/2014042.pdfCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States, 2013” (2014):http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6304.pdf?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=youth-risk-behavior-surveillance-united-states-2013-pdfElectronic Security Association, “Electronic Security Guidelines for Schools: An Aid for Schools Considering Procurement of an Electronic Security System” (2013):http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.esaweb.org/resource/resmgr/ESA-Resources/Guidelines_-_School_Security.pdfFederal Bureau of Investigation, “A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013” (2013):http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2014/september/fbi-releases-study-on-active-shooter-incidents/pdfs/a-study-of-active-shooter-incidents-in-the-u.s.-between-2000-and-2013National Association of School Resource Officers and National Association of School Psychologists, “Best Practice Considerations for Schools in Active Shooter and Other Armed Assailant Drills” (2014):http://www.nasponline.org/resources/handouts/bp_armed_assailant_drills.pdfNew York Police Department, “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation” (2012):http://www.nypdshield.org/public/SiteFiles/documents/Activeshooter.pdfPolice Executive Research Forum, “The Police Response to Active Shooter Incidents” (2014):http://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Critical_Issues_Series/the police response to active shooter incidents 2014.pdf Sandy Hook Advisory Commission, “Final Report of the Sandy Hook Advisory Commission” (2015):http://www.shac.ct.gov/SHAC_Final_Report_3-6-2015.pdf School Safety and Security Task Force, “Massachusetts Task Force Report on School Safety and Security” (2014):http://www.mass.gov/edu/docs/eoe/school-safety-security/school-safety-report.pdfU.S. Department of Education, “Guiding Principles: A Resource Guide for Improving School Climate and Discipline” (2014):http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/school-discipline/guiding-principles.pdfU.S. Department of Education, et al., “Guide for Developing High-Quality School Emergency Operations Plans” (2013):http://rems.ed.gov/docs/rems_k-12_guide_508.pdfCouncil of Educational Facilities Planners International. (2013, February). Safe Schools - A Best Practice Guide. Retrieved from Council of Educational Facilities Planners International: http://media.cefpi.org/SafeSchoolsGuide.pdfFantz, A., Knight, L., & Weng, K. (2014, June 19). A Closer Look: How Many Newtown -Like School Shootings Since Sandy Hook? Retrieved from cnn.com:http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/11/us/school-shootings-cnn-number/International Association of Chiefs of Police. (n.d.). Guide For Preventing and Responding to School Violence 2nd Edition. Retrieved from Bureau of Justice Assistance: https://www.bja.gov/Publications/IACP_School_Violence.pdf National Crime Prevention Council. (2003, October). School Safety and Security Toolkit - Guide for Parents, Schools and Communities. Retrieved from National Crime Prevention Council:http://www.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/school-safety/bsstoolkit_complete.pdf