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IP Addressing and Routing

IP Addressing and Routing. Objectives. Addressing and routing overview Classful IP addressing Classless IP addressing (subnetting) IP routing. 1. Addressing & Routing Overview. Network Layer: Path Determination. Network Layer: Path Determination. Which Path?.

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IP Addressing and Routing

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  1. IP Addressing and Routing

  2. Objectives • Addressing and routing overview • Classful IP addressing • Classless IP addressing (subnetting) • IP routing

  3. 1. Addressing & Routing Overview

  4. Network Layer: Path Determination

  5. Network Layer: Path Determination Which Path? • Network layer functions to find the best path through the internetwork

  6. Communicate Path 5 2 9 6 4 8 10 11 3 1 7 • Addresses represent the path of media connections (wires)

  7. Addressing: Network and Host Network Host 1 1 2 3 2.1 1.2 3.1 1.1 1.3 2 1 • Network address—Path part used for routing • Host address—Specific port or device on the network 3 1

  8. TCP/IP Network Addressing 32 bits 8,16, or 24 bits from IANA Varies with subnet mask Network Host Ethernet

  9. Router Interface Addressing E1=10.2.5.3 10.2.0.0 10.1.0.0 E2=10.3.15.14 E0=10.1.23.7 10.3.0.0 DestinationNetwork Router Port Router Address • Network portion of address used to make path selections 10.1.0.0 E0 10.1.23.7 10.2.0.0 E1 10.2.5.3 10.3.0.0 E2 10.3.15.14

  10. Router Interface Addressing E1=10.2.5.3 10.2.0.0 10.1.0.0 E2=10.3.15.14 E0=10.1.23.7 10.3.0.0 DestinationNetwork Router Port Router Address • Network portion of address used to make path selections 10.1.0.0 E0 10.1.23.7 • Node portion of address refers to router port 10.2.0.0 E1 10.2.5.3 10.3.0.0 E2 10.3.15.14

  11. Router Interface Addressing E1=10.2.5.3 10.2.0.0 10.1.0.0 E2=10.3.15.14 E0=10.1.23.7 10.3.0.0 DestinationNetwork Router Port Router Address • Network portion of address used to make path selections 10.1.0.0 E0 10.1.23.7 • Node portion of address refers to router port • On router each interface has different IP address 10.2.0.0 E1 10.2.5.3 10.3.0.0 E2 10.3.15.14

  12. S1 S0 S0 S1 S0 S1 S0 S0 S0 S0 Routing Tables In Routers 10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 A B C S1 S0 S0 S1 S0 S1 Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table 10.1.0.0 0 10.2.0.0 0 10.3.0.0 0 S0 • Router uses the best path to destination 10.2.0.0 0 10.3.0.0 0 10.4.0.0 0 S1 1 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 1 10.2.0.0 1 2 10.4.0.0 10.1.0.0 1 10.1.0.0 2

  13. Analogy “Please take me to Oxford Street 23!”

  14. 2. Classful IP Addressing

  15. TCP/IP Addresses UNIX Host UNIX Host Internet TCP/IP Company A • Unique addressing allows seamless communication between end stations Path choice is based on location Location is represented by an address Company B

  16. Introduction to TCP/IP Addresses UNIX Host UNIX Host Company A • Unique addressing allows seamless communication between end stations • Path choice is based on location Location is represented by an address Company B

  17. Introduction to TCP/IP Addresses UNIX Host UNIX Host Company A • Unique addressing allows seamless communication between end stations • Path choice is based on location • Location is represented by a network address Company B

  18. 32 Bits Network Host IP Addressing

  19. 32 Bits Network Host 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits IP Addressing

  20. 32 Bits Network Host 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits 172 . 16 . 122 . 204 Dotted Decimal Notation

  21. Dotted Deciaml Notation

  22. Binary Conversion Table

  23. N H H H N N H H N N N H IP Address Classes • Class A: • Class B: • Class C: • Class D: for multicast • Class E: for research N = Network number H = Host number

  24. # Bits 1 7 24 0 network # host # Class A: IP Address Bit Patterns

  25. # Bits 1 7 24 0 network # host # Class A: # Bits 1 1 14 16 1 0 network # host # Class B: IP Address Bit Patterns

  26. # Bits 1 7 24 0 network # host # Class A: # Bits 1 1 14 16 1 0 network # host # Class B: # Bits 1 1 1 21 8 1 1 0 network # host # Class C: IP Address Bit Patterns

  27. IP Address Classes

  28. Number of Networks and Hosts

  29. Recognizing Classes in IP Addresses (First Octet Rule) High OrderBits Octet inDecimal AddressClass 0 10 110 1 – 126 128 – 191 192 – 223 A B C

  30. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  31. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 128.63.2.100 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  32. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 128.63.2.100 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  33. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  34. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  35. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  36. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  37. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  38. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  39. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  40. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  41. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  42. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10

  43. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2 130.113.64.16 B 256.241.201.10

  44. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2 130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 256.241.201.10

  45. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2 130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16 256.241.201.10

  46. Address Class Network Host 10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1 128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100 201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64 192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2 130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16 256.241.201.10 Nonexistent Written Exercise: IP Address Classes

  47. 10 1 . 1 . 1 . Host Addresses Network Host 172.16.2.1 10.1.1.1 E0 E1 172.16.3.10 10.250.8.11 172.16.12.12 10.180.30.118 IP: 172.16.2.1 IP: 10.6.24.2 Routing Table Network Interface 172.16 . 12 . 12 172.16.0.0 10.0.0.0 E0 E1 Network Host

  48. 3. Classless IP Addressing (subnetting)

  49. Addressing without Subnets • Network 172.16.0.0 172.16.0.0

  50. Addressing with Subnets 172.16.3.0 172.16.4.0 • Network 172.16.0.0 172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0

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