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Planet Earth – Topic 2

Planet Earth – Topic 2. ROCKS. Rocks vs. Minerals . Minerals are the “building blocks” of rocks There are more than 3,500 different minerals on Earth But, most rocks are made up of the same 5 minerals: Calcite Quartz Feldspar Mica Hornblende. Properties of Rocks . Color Lustre

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Planet Earth – Topic 2

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  1. Planet Earth – Topic 2 ROCKS

  2. Rocks vs. Minerals • Minerals are the “building blocks” of rocks • There are more than 3,500 different minerals on Earth • But, most rocks are made up of the same 5 minerals: • Calcite • Quartz • Feldspar • Mica • Hornblende

  3. Properties of Rocks • Color • Lustre • Streak • Cleavage • Fracture • Hardness

  4. Moh’s Hardness Scale

  5. The 3 Types of Rocks • Igneous Rocks • Formed when hot, molten rock (magma) cools and hardens • Intrusive rocks form under the Earth’s crust as magma cools • Extrusive rocks form when lava cools and hardens on the Earth’s crust • Basalt is the most common type of igneous rock

  6. The Devil’s Tower

  7. The 3 Types of Rocks 2. Sedimentary Rocks • Formed when small pieces of rock are carried by water or wind and settle onto the bottom of rivers, lakes, or land • As the layers pile on, time and pressure cause the layers to harden • The bottom layer is the oldest, and the top layer is the youngest

  8. Sandstone

  9. The 3 Types of Rocks 3. Metamorphic Rocks • Rocks that have been changed • These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary, but the intense heat and pressure within the Earth changes the appearance of the rock • Marble is a common example of this type of rock

  10. Marble and Quartzite

  11. Can You Tell the Difference? • Turn to page 382 in your textbook, and look over the “Rock Summary Table” on that page • Draw the charts seen on page 383 in your notebook and use the rocks and tools provided to determine the type of rocks you analyze

  12. The Rock Cycle • Just like the way you and I recycle bottles, paper, and other wastes; the Earth recycles too! • The Earth recycles rocks • A rock will undergo several changes over time, and can fit into each rock type over time

  13. The Rock Cycle Cooling, Erosion, Pressure, Intense Heat and Pressure, Melting

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