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Punctuation in English

Punctuation in English. , ; : . ( ) -- “ -. Proper punctuation makes a text clear to understand. Wrongly placed punctuation marks can make a sentence ambiguous or even change the meaning. Comma (,). Used between two independent clauses with different subjects

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Punctuation in English

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  1. Punctuation inEnglish , ; : . ( ) -- “ - Proper punctuation makes a text clear to understand. Wrongly placed punctuation marks can make a sentence ambiguous or even change the meaning.

  2. Comma(,) Used between two independent clauses with different subjects if they are part of a series or are joined by and, butso and or. The reactor was out of control, the content overheated, and the safety valve failed. The work is normally done by the computer, but the technician must understand the operating system.

  3. Comma(,) Is used to separate a non-defining relative clause from the rest of the sentence. In this case you must use which or who (but not that) Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, is used to make bolts and screws. ! The experiments that were described in the previous section were part of a series that was conducted over a range of mode mixes.

  4. Comma (,) The Slovene rule of placing a comma before ker, ki, ko, da, če, does not apply in English. The following examples are all wrong: On the Earth are a lot of places, where we can find minerals. On the continental slope is a zone, which is very rich with oil. He proved, that the substance would not disintegrate after heating.

  5. Slovene rules do not apply in English It is also good, because we use household products and students learn , that householdmaterials can also be used in a laboratory. Seventh graders think, that drugs are harmful. They do not know, that drugs are also used in medicine.

  6. Comma (,) A comma is used when we enumerate (list) items in a series: The liquids we analysed were neat methanol, neat ethanol, methanol with 10 percent water,and ethanol with 10 percent water. Some writers leave out the comma before the last item, but then there is a danger of ambiguity.

  7. Comma (,) Is used to separate linking words and phrases from the rest of the sentence. E.g. similarly, on he other hand, however, nevertheless On the other hand, the chances of success are great. His greatest contribution, however, will be in the development of..

  8. Comma (,) It is often essential to separate the initial phase to avoid confusion or ambiguity: e.g. After eating a sticky deposit called plaque adheres to tooth surface. After eating bacteria in the plaque produce high concentrations of acids. After eating the pH of the saliva which is normally 6.7 increases. After placing a comma the meaning becomes clear: After eating, a sticky deposit, called plaque, adheres to toot surface. After eating, bacteria in the plaque produce high concentrations of acids After eating, the pH of the saliva, which is normally 6.7, increases.

  9. Colon (:) The colon is used before the list of items, often preceded by a word like namely, such as, as follows, the following, There are four categories of nutrients, such as:….. The article describes the following: …...

  10. Semi-colon (;) The semi-colon is weaker than a full stop, but stronger than a comma. It is used to join two independent but closely related sentences. This section will consider communication electronics; another section will be devoted to computer electronics.

  11. Dash (--) A dash can be used in the same way as round brackets to add extra, less important information. Mechanical design technician are the communicators of industry. They prepare -- of supervise the preparation of -- assembly drawings.

  12. Hyphen (-) Hyphens are used to join words to make new words. American English uses rather fewer hyphens than British English. The rules are complicated and vary. If in doubt, check the dictionary. E.g.: hands-on experience problem-solving skills two-dimensional shapes half-time non-existent self-study

  13. Apostrophe (‘) Used in Saxon genetive: One scientist: In this paper, Zarka’s method is described Two scientists: Iwan and Moeller’s (1976) work appears to be the first publication...

  14. Apostrophe (‘) No apostrophe used: With famous discoveries, inventions e.g. Apostrophe used: with laws, theories, theorems, diseases, principles Curie point Doppler effect Bunsen burner Boyle’s law Darwin’s theory Pascal’s theorem Parkinson’s disease

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