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Some Processes

Some Processes. Eddy transports in ocean and atmos.(e.g. topographic effects) Sea-ice thickness, albedo Ice shelf melting and calving Biological property fluxes Thermodynamic fluxes (EoS, CO 2 , DD) Coastal polynyas Boundary layers and convection (Katabatic winds, MLs, plumes)

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Some Processes

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  1. Some Processes • Eddy transports in ocean and atmos.(e.g. topographic effects) • Sea-ice thickness, albedo • Ice shelf melting and calving • Biological property fluxes • Thermodynamic fluxes (EoS, CO2, DD) • Coastal polynyas • Boundary layers and convection (Katabatic winds, MLs, plumes) • Small-scale (gravity waves) mixing Process studies are needed to parameterize these effects in climate models

  2. Examples of process studies VAMOS, VOCALS- REx NAME - North American Monsoon Experiment is a joint CLIVAR-GEWEX process study and the North American implementation of the WCRP/CLIVAR/VAMOS Program. Its overall aim is to determine the sources and limits of predictability of warm season precipiation over North America, with emphasis on times scales ranging from seasonal to interannual. CLIMODE - CLIvar MOde Water Dynamic Experiment - CLIMODE is a project to study the dynamics of 'Eighteen Degree Water' convection, eddy and mixing processes in setting properties of subtropical mode waters, the associated air-sea interaction, and the exchange of fluid between the mixed layer and the upper ocean. KESS - Kuroshio Extension Sytem Study. Processes that govern the variability of and the interaction between the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre. AMMA - African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses is a project designed to improve the forecasting of the African monsoon from weather to climatic scales. PUMP - Pacific Upwelling and Mixing Physics is a process study designed to improve our understanding of the complex of mechanisms that connect the thermocline to the surface in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue. DIMES - Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean is an experiment designed to measure the diapycnal diffusivity and mesoscale isopycnal diffusivity at several levels and in several environments in the ACC. SALLJ - South American Low Level Jet Experiment is the first of a series of experiments that will attempt, during a rigorous data gathering field phase, to monitor, quantify, and analyze low-level circulations that modulate regional rainfall.

  3. Process Studies in the Southern Ocean/Atmosphere/Ice GasEx III (Ho) GASEX (McGillis) OISO [CO2 in Indian Ocean] (Metzl) ARGUA [CO2 in SA Ocean] (Ruiz-Pino) CANOPO [CO2 fluxes] (Rupolo) GOODHOPE [Umbrella for Africa-AA ocean obs] (Speich) WECCON [monitoring in Weddell Sea] (Fahrbach) RIME [Ross Island Met] (Bromwich) SAMFLOC [AAIW formation] (Talley) DIMES [ocean mixing] (Ledwell) SOFINE [ocean mixing] (Naveira-G) MARGINEX [AA slope and shelf CTD] (Bindoff) ASTTEX [Rings] (Byrne) ADELIE [Transport?] (Heywood) FLOSTRAL [CTD floats] (Morrow) SEaOS [CTD on e-seals] (Fedak) CLACIOCLIM [Ice mass balance Dd’U] (Genthon) Ross Sea [ocean bottom [u,T,S] (Orsi, Gordon?) Weddell Sea [ocean bottom [u,T, S] (Gordon?) In grey: studies with a sustained effort How many are really process studies?

  4. What is missing? • Air-sea fluxes (Aust, US? ORION) • Polynyas (Maud exp, ?) • Hiapir project (e.g. cyclogenesis at the sea-ice edge) • Ice Shelf calving and melting • Higher resolution “process” modeling • Reanalysis-enabled process studies • What key science question is not being addressed? • IPY projects: CASO, SASSI - do these add up to a process study? With a modeling and synthesis framework?

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