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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. The South and the Slavery Controversy. Southern Social Ranking. (1)White slave owners: ¼ of white population Owned 3-4 slaves (family) (2) Whites who DID NOT own slaves : ¾ of white population - dreams of Southern riches (poor white trash / clay eaters)

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 The South and the Slavery Controversy

  2. Southern Social Ranking (1)White slave owners: ¼ of white population • Owned 3-4 slaves (family) (2) Whites who DID NOT own slaves : ¾ of white population - dreams of Southern riches (poor white trash / clay eaters) (3) Mountain Whites – lived in the mountains (hillbillies) - hated the wealthy slave owners (ran the state) and had NO NEED for slaves in the Mountains *West Virginia broke away from Virginia for this matter – anti-slavery issues and volunteered to fight for the Union during the Civil War (4) Free African Americans (1860 – 250,000 A.A.) - white reactions: hatred! (could pose the end of slavery) - Irish reactions: hatred! (competition for low paying jobs) WAYS TO BECOME FREE: (a) freed on slave owner’s will (religious or lack of need) (b) buy yourself out of slavery (5) Slaves (1860 – 4 million Southern slaves) *Cotton Belt (arc-swooping crescent from Virginia to Texas)

  3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) • Northern would sell African American slaves “down the river” • *Written by “Harriet Beecher Stowe” (abolitionist) • - stirred up STRONG reactions from the North and South • Underlying point of book: slavery is not just a political contest, but also a great MORAL struggle! • Book attacked the South “So, you are the little lady that started this war” - Abraham Lincoln regarding Harriet Beecher Stowe on Civil War

  4. Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Considered the “most successful” slave rebellion • Followed “DAVID WALKER’S ideas” • Nat Turner –a preacher born into slavery in 1800 in Virginia • Saw an eclipse in the sky (divine message) to free slaves • Attacked 4 plantations with 80 followers (killed 60 white people) • Nat Turner – hid, found, tried, hanged MOST SIGNIFICANT WHITE REACTION: - tighten up on “slave codes” and security

  5. Denmark Vesey Revolution • Inspired by Haitian Revolt in 1790 • Vesey (preacher) and his followers planned to sail to Haiti to escape retaliation. • Two slaves opposed to Vesey's scheme leaked the plot. • Charleston authorities charged 131 men with conspiracy. • In total, 67 men were convicted and 35 hanged, including Denmark Vesey (1822)

  6. Early Abolition Movement • The American Colonization Society started with the goal of moving blacks back to Africa. • Note: • Goal: Liberia on the West Africa coast. • It failed because • most blacks considered themselves African-Americans, not Africans • Finances WOMEN IN THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT: got involved because it could easily lend itself to Women’s rights Theodore Weld’s American Slavery As It Is (Testimony)

  7. Sojourner Truth • traveled throughout the country speaking of abolition - spoke of women’s rights at conventions - “Ain’t I a Woman” • Very famous speech that granted applause from men

  8. Underground Railroad • Secret network of people that helped escaped slaves into the North!!! (CANADA) Harriet Tubman

  9. Abolitionists • David Walker *Published the “Appeal” to the Colored Citizens of the World - literature passed around the South • Spoke of “standing up and fighting for your freedom as a slave” (Don’t wait on emancipation…. FIGHT for it) (D.W. = Don’t walk…RUN!)

  10. Slavery and Abolition • Abolition = a call to outlaw slavery in America, ****** William Lloyd Garrison ****** (ABOLITIONIST) Goal: an immediate “emancipation / abolition” of slavery with no payment to the slaver owner! • Started his own newspaper called ****The Liberator*** – spoke of ways to end slavery- (most famous abolitionist paper) Famous Cry: I WILL BE HEARD Also founded the “American Anti-Slavery Society”

  11. Frederick Douglass • An escaped slave that supported Garrison and The Liberator • Lecturer or Orator at the American Anti-Slavery Society conventions. • Wrote his own newspaper: ******The North Star******

  12. Slave Owners DEFEND Slavery (1) Slave Owners encouraged Religion (conversion and dedication to a relationship with God) (2) Myth of a “happy” slave / happy addition to the plantation family / food /shelter…etc. (3) Abolitionists would SWAMP Congress with anti-slavery petitions and Southern representatives countered by securing a “GAG RULE” – a rule limiting the reading of an issue in Congress – repealed years later (4) Southern economy is kept up

  13. Assignment Read p. 367-368 to analyze the reaction and impact of the abolitionist movement in the North and the South Format: T Chart (bullets) ABOLITION IMPACT North: _______________________________________ South:

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