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DNA Structure

DNA Structure. YouTube - A Brief Introduction to Genetics. Task 1: Brainstorm, page 6. What is DNA?. DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell (The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell) In the nucleus of each cell, there is DNA packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.

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DNA Structure

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  1. DNA Structure

  2. YouTube - A Brief Introduction to Genetics • Task 1: Brainstorm, page 6

  3. What is DNA? DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell (The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell) In the nucleus of each cell, there is DNA packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. A chromosome is like an architect’s filing cabinet…it contains “plans” or “instructions” for building all sorts of structures. Chromosomes contain sequences of genes. A gene is an instruction manual for a trait (brown hair, green eyes etc…) Genes are made of DNA MesserWoland and Szczepan1990

  4. DNA Structure • DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a: • double helix. • A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called: • nucleotides. • Each nucleotide consists of a: • Phosphate group • Pentose sugar • Nitrogenous base

  5. Nucleotides Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Pentose Sugar

  6. Nucleotides • The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”. • There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

  7. Nucleotides A T C Adenine Thymine G Guanine Cytosine

  8. Nucleotides • Each base will only bond with one other specific base. • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) Form a base pair. Form a base pair.

  9. DNA Structure • Because of this complementary base pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

  10. A T A A A T T T C C C G G G

  11. DNA Structure • To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases. • The bases are arranged in triplets called • codons. A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G T C C - G A G - T T C - A G G - A T C

  12. DNA Structure • A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a: • protein. • Each unique gene has a unique sequence of: • bases. • This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein. • It is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype.

  13. DNA Gene Protein Trait

  14. Your work list: • Build your own DNA Model – new handout • What is DNA? Pages 8-9 (Homework for Monday if not done in class)

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