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History of American Farm Technology

History of American Farm Technology. 16 th - 18 th Centuries. 18 th . Century Oxen and horses for power, Crude wooden plows, all sowing by hand, cultivating by hoe, Hay and grain cutting with sickle, and threshing with flail. 1776-99. 1790’s- Cradle and scythe introduced.

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History of American Farm Technology

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  1. History of AmericanFarm Technology

  2. 16th- 18thCenturies • 18th. Century • Oxen and horses for power, • Crude wooden plows, all sowing by hand, cultivating by hoe, • Hay and grain cutting with sickle, and threshing with flail

  3. 1776-99 • 1790’s- Cradle and scythe introduced. • 1793-Invention of cotton gin. • 1794-Thomas Jefferson’s moldboard tested. • 1797-Charles Newbold patented first cast-iron plow. The scythe Cotton Gin.

  4. 1800-1829 • 1819-Jethro Wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts. • 1819-25-U.S. Food canning industry established.

  5. 1830’s • 1830-About 250-300 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat.

  6. 1830’s • 1834 – McCormick reaper patented. • 1834-McCormick reaper patented. • John Lane began to manufacture plows faced with steel saw blades. The McCormick Reaper.

  7. 1830’s • 1837-John Deere and Leonard Andrus began manufacturing steel plows. • Practical threshing machine patented John Deere

  8. 1840’s • 1840’s-The growing use of factory-made agricultural machinery increased farmers’ need for cash and encouraged commercial farming.

  9. 1840’s • 1841-Practical grain drill patented. • 1842-First grain elevator, Buffalo, NY • 1844-Practical mowing machine patented • 1847-Irrigation begun in Utah • 1849-Mixed chemical fertilizers sold commercially.

  10. 1850’s • 1850-About 75-90 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (2 ½ acres) • 1850-70 Expanded market for ag. Products brought adoption of improved technology and resulting increases in farm production.

  11. 1850’s • 1854-Self-governing windmill perfected. • 1856-2-horse straddle-row cultivator patented. A windmill

  12. 1860’s • Change from hand power to horse. The first Ag. Revolution. • 1865-75 Gang plows and sulky plows came into use. • 1868-Steam tractors were tried out. • Spring-tooth harrow or seedbed preparation appeared.

  13. 1870’s • 1870’s -Silos came into use. • 1870’s-Deep-well drilling first widely used. • 1874-Glidden barbed wire patented. • Availability of barbed wire allowed fencing of rangeland, ending era of unrestricted open-range grazing.

  14. 1880’s • 1880-William Deering put 3,000 twine binders on the market. • 1884-90-Horse-drawn combine used in Pacific coast wheat areas. A binder

  15. 1890’s • 1890-95 • Cream separators came into wide use. • 1890-99-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:1,845,900 tons. Cream seperators

  16. 1890’s • 1890’s- Agriculture became increasingly mechanized and commercialized. • 1890-35-40 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (2 ½ acres.)

  17. 1900’s • 1900-1909-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:3,738,300 tons. • 1900-1910-George Washington Carver, pioneered in new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, thus helping to diversify southern agriculture. George Washington Carver

  18. 1910’s • 1910-1915-Big open geared gas tractors came into use in areas of extensive farming. • 1915-20 Enclosed gears developed for tractors. 1918-Small prairie-type combine with auxiliary engine introduced.

  19. 1920’s • 1920-1929-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:6,845,800 tons. • 1920-40 Gradual increase in farm production resulting from expanded use of mechanized power. • 1926- Successful light tractor develop. A Fordson Tractor

  20. 1930’s • 1930-39 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:6,599,913 tons. • All-purpose, rubber-tired tractor with complementary machinery came into wide use.

  21. 1930’s • 1930-One farmer supplied 9.8 persons in the United States and abroad. • 15-20 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.

  22. 1940’s • One farmer supplied 10.7 persons in the United States and abroad. • 1941-45 Frozen foods popularized. • Spindle cotton produced commercially.

  23. 1940’s • 1945-Change from horses to tractors-The second great ag. Revolution. • 10-14 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.

  24. 1950’s • 1950-59-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer: 22,340,666 tons. • 1950-One farmer supplied 15.5 persons in the U.S. and abroad.

  25. 1950’s • 1954-Number of tractors on farmers exceeded the number of horses and mules for first time. • 1955- 6 ½ labor hours required to produce 100 acres of wheat.

  26. 1960’s • 1960-One farmer supplied 25.8 persons in the United States and abroad. • 1965-5 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat. • 1965-Federal loans and grants for water/sewer systems began.

  27. 1970’s • 1970’s No-tillage ag. popularized. • One farmer supplied 75.8 persons in the U.S. and abroad. • 1975-3 ½ hours labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.

  28. 1980-1990 • 1980’s-More farmers use no-till or low till. • 1987 2 ¾ hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (1 1/8 ac.) • 1989-More farmers began to use low-input sustainable agriculture, to decrease chemical applications.

  29. Special Thanks To the U.S.D.A.In the production ofthis presentation

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