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Intro to IPv6 Addresses

Intro to IPv6 Addresses. IPv6 Header. IPv6 addresses have a length of 16 bytes (128 bits). How many addresses?. IPv4 Addresses: 2 32 = 4,294,967,296 ≈ 4 billion IPv6 Addresses: 2 128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 ≈ 3.4 x 10 38

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Intro to IPv6 Addresses

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  1. Intro to IPv6 Addresses

  2. IPv6 Header • IPv6 addresses have a length of 16 bytes (128 bits)

  3. How many addresses? • IPv4 Addresses: • 232 = 4,294,967,296 ≈ 4 billion • IPv6 Addresses: • 2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 ≈ 3.4 x 1038 • Surface area of Earth: 510,072,000 km2 • Size of Atom: 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 1 Angstrom (Å) • “Area of Atom”: 1 square angstrom (Ų)= 10-20 m2 Number of atoms on Earth’s surface: 510,072,000 km2 /10-20 m2 = 5.1 x 1031  Number of IPv6 addresses for each atom on the surface of the Earth: ~ 6.7 million

  4. Convention for writing IPv6 addresses • IPv6 addresses are written as hexadecimals • Network prefix is written using CIDR notation • “Blocks” of 16 bits are separated by colons. Abbreviation Rules: • Leading zeroes in a block can be omitted FE80:0000:0000:0000:002A:0000:FE04:0A81  FE80:0:0:0:2A:0:FE04:A81 2. One (but only one) contiguous block with all zeros can be replaced by a double colon FE80:0:0:0:2A:0:FE04:A81  FE80::2A:0:FE04:A81 FE80:0:0:0:2A:0:FE04:A81  FE80:0:0:0:2A::FE04:A81 Best abbreviation result:

  5. IPv6 Address Allocation • The process for allocating address blocks (prefixes) is as with IPv4: • IANA allocates prefixes of /23 up to /12 to RIRs • RIR allocates prefixes of /32 up to /19 to LIR, ISP, or End users • LIR/ISP obtains prefixes of /64 up to /48 • There can be a National Internet Registry (NIR) between RIR and LIR/ISP IANA RIR LIR(ISP) allocates allocates assigns assigns End user End user

  6. Currently available Global Unicast Addresses Note: Several additional smaller blocks (longer prefixes) have been assigned.

  7. University of Toronto • IPv6 prefix of University of Toronto: 2606:FA00::/32 • Address block is allocated from ARIN • Number of addresses: 296= 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 ≈ 8 x 1028 from: to: Interface ID Subnet ID

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