Geography & Maps

1. Geography & Maps Location & Distribution Population 1 Population 2 Migration $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $900 $900 $900 $900 $900 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $2000 $2000 $2000 $2000 $2000

2. 1. Fill in the blank: “The smaller the number in the denominator, the __________ the scale.” “The smaller the number in the denominator, the larger the scale.” (And the larger the scale, the more detail).

3. 2. This theory says that the physical environment shapes culture. environmental determinism

4. 3. What is the etymology of the word “geography.” Greek roots: geo means “earth” and graphy means “writing”

5. 4. This is the definition of “scale,” as in the scale on a map. Something on the map that tells us the relationship between the size of something on the map to its size in the real world

6. 5. This person founded modern physical geography and this person founded modern cultural geography. Alexander Von Humboldt Carl Ritter

7. 6. DAILY DOUBLE These steps make up the projection process. Scale reduction Datum DEVELOPABLE SURFACE EARTH SPHEROID

8. 7. A conformal projection preserves what? Shape (not area). (The Mercator projection – a conformal projection – preserves shape and distorts area. On the other hand, the Goode projection – an equal-area projection, preserves area.)

9. 8. These are the 4 spatial properties that become distorted during the projection of the 3-D earth to a 2-D map. Shape Area Distance Direction

10. 9. In remote sensing, instruments record this and convert it into an image. Electromagnetic radiation (wavelengths)

11. 10. This line represents zero degrees of longitude and runs through Europe and Africa. Prime Meridian

12. 11. How does GPS differ from GIS? GPS is the Global Positioning System and it gives location by getting signals from satellites orbiting the earth. GIS involves computer cartography and database management.

13. 12. Towards the poles, meridians of longitude do this. Converge

14. 13. This is the definition of density, and this is the definition of arithmetic density. Density: the frequency with which something occurs in space. Arithmetic density: the total number of objects in an area.

15. 14. These are two systems we use for determining absolute location. The global grid and US PLSS

16. 15. Montana is an example of this type of region. Formal (not functional or vernacular)

17. 16. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, this toponym was changed to St. Petersburg. Leningrad

18. 17. What is the cultural landscape? The human imprint on the physical world.

19. 18. A TV station viewing area is an example of this type of region. Functional

20. 19. This part of the global grid system measures angular distance east and west, and is based on time. Longitude

21. 20. DAILY DOUBLE If it is 6 pm at the Prime Meridian, what is the longitude of a place where it is 2 pm? 60 degrees west

22. 21. You depart from the U.S. on a Thursday and fly to China. When you cross the IDL, it is this day of the week. Friday

23. 22. These are the 3 types of expansion diffusion and their definitions. Hierarchial: the spread of an idea from a person with authority Contagious: rapid, widespread diffusion of something Stimulus: the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic fails to diffuse.

24. 23. These countries have the highest populations in the world. These are the populations in order. China: 1.3 billion India: 1 billion U.S.: 300 million

25. 24. The world population reached 1 billion in ______, 2 billion in ______, and 3 billion in ______. 1800 1930 1960

26. 25. This is the definition of ecumene. Portion of the earth with permanent human settlement.

27. 26. In arable regions, you would see this kind of population density (high or low). High

28. 27. DAILY DOUBLE This is the equation for calculating population change at the sub-global scale. P2007 = P2006 + B – D + I – E

29. 28. These are the 4 largest population clusters in the world, in order. • East Asia • South Asia • Europe • SE Asia

30. 29. This is the definition of a cartogram. A map that shows size of the country based on size of population.

31. 30. Europe and East Asia are two regions where the CBR is ______ (high or low). Low

32. 31. These are 3 reasons why Africa has localized low TFR. Breast feeding, STDs, nutrition, age at first marriage, spousal separation.

33. 32. This is why TFR is a more refined measure of fertility than CBR. CBR is based on the whole population; TFR just on women.

34. 33. DAILY DOUBLE How does world CBR compare to world CDR? World CBR is very different north and south of the n-s split, with higher CBR in the south. CDR is more variable, with high CDR in Europe and low CDR in several places south of the split.

35. 34. For the U.S., Mexico, and Oman, these are the doubling times. U.S.: 105 Mexico: 34 Oman: 14

36. 35. What kind of governments are pronatalist? Communist

37. 36. DAILY DOUBLE Describe Stage 1 of the demographic transition model. CBR and CDR high, but variable. Low RNI. No country in this stage today.

38. 37. A population pyramid with a narrow base and a broad top represents this kind of population. Declining/diminishing

39. 38. World population grew the most during this revolution. Industrial

40. 39. Who was Thomas Malthus? English economist. Argued that population would exceed food supply.

41. 40. Describe the stable population pyramid. Approximately the same number of prereproducers and reproducers. Fewer postreproducers.

42. 41. What is the Marxian viewpoint on population growth and poverty? Population growth is not the cause of poverty – it’s the system.

43. 42. If CBR is 18 and CDR is 2, the rate of natural increase is this. 18/1000 2/1000 16/ 1000 RNI = 1.6%

44. 43. Many MDCs are in this stage of the demographic transition model. Stage 3: CBR low, CDR low, RNI low

45. 44. This is the best way to decrease CBR. Contraceptives

46. 45. These are 3 parts of Ravenstein’s migration theory. • 1 Most migrations are of a short distance • 2 Migration proceeds step by step • 3 If traveling a great distance, destination is usually a major city • 4 A migration current produces a countercurrent • 5 Rural residents are more likely to migrate • 6 Internal migration involves more females, international migration involves more males • 7 Most migrants are adults • 8 Migration is the reason that large population centers grow (not RNI) • 9 Migration increases as industrialization and transportation increases • 10 Agricultural areas to ind/com areas (rural to urban) • 11 The major cause is economics, to find a better life

47. 46. These are the three push and pull factors in migration. Economic Cultural Environmental

48. 47. The UNHCR handles refugees in these 3 ways. Voluntary repatriation Local settlement Resettlement in a third country

49. 48. What is brain drain? Emigration of skilled and talented people.

50. 49. DAILY DOUBLE Why does Australia not accept West Papuan refugees? Because the Indonesian president demanded that Australia turn them away. They are controlled by the government of Indonesia.