How To Write a DBQ

1. How To Write a DBQ Suggestions for Success in Advanced Placement United States History

2. Overview of the National Exam • The national APUSH exam is broken into two major sections: • Section 1 (55 minutes) • 80 multiple choice questions • Section 2 (130 minutes) • DBQ essay (15 minutes to plan; 45 minutes to write) • 2 free-response essays (70 minutes)

3. Overview of Section 2: the Essays • For the essay section of the national exam, there will always be 3 essays (1 DBQ & 2 FRQs): • The DBQ requires the use of both prior knowledge & document interpretation • The FRQs require only prior knowledge to answer • See examples of each…

4. Documents can be images, charts, quotations. There are usually between 7 and 10 documents per DBQ. Each document includes a “source” that should be carefully examined. More on the DBQ in a minute….

5. For the FRQs, the College Board has given you choices. Students must choose one of the two essays from Part B (Colonies through Civil War)…

6. …and one of the two essay choices in Part C (Reconstruction through 1980s)…

7. How will the DBQ be scored? The College Board uses a 9-point scale for DBQs, so we do too: Essays are scored as such: 9 (100), 8 (94), 7 (88), 6 (84), 5 (78), 4 (70), 3 (65), 2 (60), 1 (55) The rubric is tailored each year to the specific DBQ essay, but all rubrics look for these themes…

8. DBQ Generic Rubric • Contains a well-developed thesis that clearly addresses the question • Presents an effective analysis of all parts of the question, although treatment may be uneven • Uses substantial number of documents effectively • Uses substantial, relevant outside information to support the thesis • Clearly organized and well written • May have insignificant errors

9. Tips on Writing a DBQ (A summary of tips is provided)

10. DBQ Tips • There is no right way to answer a DBQ. Every question can illicit an infinite number of responses • The key is to make an argument (your thesis) & support it with evidence • All DBQs are written so that they can be argued from multiple viewpoints

11. DBQ Tips • Be sure to answer the question • This begins by gaining a clear understanding of what the question is asking • Read the question three times & write it in your own words • Pay attention to all parts of the question, especially the verb (compare, evaluate, assess, to what extent, etc.) & time frame (stay inside the era)

12. DBQ Tips Political, Economic, Religious, Social, Intellectual, Artistic trends of the era • Brainstorm & outline your essay • Before you look at the docs or write your essay, take time to jot down what you know about the topic (PERSIA) • What is your gut response to the question? This is usually your thesis (argument) • What outside information do you remember about the topic?

13. DBQ Tips • Organize your essay: • Chronological arguments are effective for questions that ask (or imply) change-over-time • Similarity/difference arguments are appropriate for comparison questions; Making direct comparisons within paragraphs is much more analytical than separate descriptive paragraphs about each item

14. DBQ Tips • Introductory paragraph • Establish “time & place”; show the reader that you understand the importance of the era • Create an original thesis statement that clearly answers the question & does not simply restate the question asked • Allude to the sub-topics or categories you will discuss to support your argument

15. DBQ Tips • Body paragraphs • Every body paragraph should be a sub-topic that supports your argument (thesis) • Begin & end each paragraph with an original argument • Include documentation AND outside information to support your body paragraph argument • Balance is important: 60% outside info & 40% docs

16. DBQ Tips • Documents • Do NOT quote, paraphrase, or describe documents. The essay reader already knows what the docs say • Do NOT laundry list (an essay that merely describes what the docs say without analysis) • Use all the docs, unless you don’t understand one • Cite documents…

17. Citing Documents • Thomas Paine, in his pamphlet, Common Sense (Doc A), said: “…” • Joe Shmoe, a Western delegate to the Republican convention in 1912 (Doc B), agreed… • The 19c historian, Frederick Jackson Turner, believed... (Doc. E) NEVER begin with: In Document G…

18. DBQ Tips • Documents (cont’d) • The order in which the docs appear is almost always helpful • Sometimes the docs “talk” to each other by presenting counter-arguments or can be grouped together by theme • The source of the doc is important & often can reveal more than the text itself • Write doc notes in the margin

19. DBQ Tips • Concluding paragraph • A great opportunity for analysis; Restate your essay argument • Put your essay answer in a larger historical perspective: • End or beginning of some trend/movement/idea, etc. • Transitionary era • Do NOT say that this is why we are where we are today!

20. DBQ Tips • This isn’t as scary as you think: • “Answers to essay questions will be judged on the strength of the thesis developed, the quality of the historical argument, and the evidence offered in support of the thesis, rather than on the factual information per se.” • The average national score on a DBQ is 3.5

21. Dear Mr. Wilke, please stop here! • You are done with the DBQ for today • I know you are sad that you are not writing a DBQ today, but we will write DBQs when I get back.

22. The DBQ • Now its time to reveal your 1st DBQ • This essay is due on Friday: • The essay can be typed or written in blue/black ink • You may not collaborate (every year we catch duplicate essays & students receive a “0”) • Schedule an appointment with me to review your draft before Friday

23. “Speed Dating” DBQ Activity • To review the key themes in essay writing & to prepare for the DBQ, the class will: • Work with a rotating series of partners to examine components of the DBQ in a systematic way to write an effective essay • Attheendofeach2minuteround, the inner circle will move to the left

24. BE CAREFUL: There is something in this prompt that students miss every year. If you don’t address it, you can’t get above a “4”. Be sure to address all parts of the DBQ Examine the Question • What is the DBQ prompt asking you to do? • Circle & define the “action verb” • Is this essay a comparison, change-over-time, or both? • Identify the time frame • Be sure to identify & understand all parts of the prompt

25. Brainstorm • Brainstorm: • What do you already know about the two topics? • What do you already know about the time frame (PERSIA)? • What is your initial argument (thesis) to answer this prompt?

26. The Documents • Examine Documents A & B • Pay attention to source (title, author, date) • Where will this document fit in your outline?

27. The Documents • Examine Documents C & D • Pay attention to source (title, author, date) • Where will this document fit in your outline?

28. The Documents • Examine Documents E & F • Pay attention to source (title, author, date) • Where will this document fit in your outline?

29. The Documents • Examine Documents G & H • Pay attention to source (title, author, date) • Where will this document fit in your outline?

30. Develop a Thesis • Develop an argument (thesis): • How will you answer this question? Remember what the prompt is asking you to do? • Develop a thesis statement • Donotsimplyrestatethequestion • Address all parts of the question & be specific

31. Organize & Outline • Generate an outline: • Based upon your thesis, organize your argument • What is the best way to organize this essay to show analysis? • Plug into your outline facts from your outside information & docs • Be sure outline addresses all parts of the DBQ prompt

32. Writing the DBQ • Start writing your DBQ • Review “Things to Remember” on the chart provided • You will never be asked to write a “descriptive” essay; All essays require analysis • Schedule an appointment so I can review your essay before you turn it in on Friday