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Do now

Do now. From the reading: Why is “Smokey the Bear’s” message of extinguishing all forest fires controversial? Did you notice what country this ad came from?. Homework Part I.

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Do now

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  1. Do now • From the reading: • Why is “Smokey the Bear’s” message of extinguishing all forest fires controversial? • Did you notice what country this ad came from?

  2. Homework Part I • Due Friday - Read Chapter 12 pages 328 Starting at Climate change is altering forests stopping at 334 Not everyone supports land set-asides • Type 4 (No peer editing) Due Friday – see handout • Vocab – 1 - 75

  3. New Material • Primary forest = natural forest uncut by people. Sometimes referred to as “virgin forest” • Little remained by the 20th century • Second-growth trees = grown to partial maturity after old-growth timber has been cut • Secondary forest = contains second-growth trees • Smaller trees, very different species and structure • Old growth vs. New growth forest – refers to hard woods such as Elm, Oak,.. versus Pine forests. Pine grows quicker so they are called new growth

  4. New Material • Americans do not see the devastation that occurs in other countries where there are few laws concerning over cutting. For example: • Uncut tropical forests still remain in many developing countries (Brazil, Indonesia, and West Africa) • Technology allows for even faster exploitation • Developing countries are so desperate for economic development, they have few logging restrictions • Concession = corporations pay the government for the right to extract resources • Temporary jobs are soon lost, along with the resources • Wood is exported to North America and Europe

  5. Deforestation affects people • In Malaysia, foreign corporations have deforested millions of acres of tropical rainforest • Affecting 22 tribes of hunter-gatherers • The government did not consult the tribes • Deforestation decreased game • Oil palm agriculture’s pesticides and fertilizers killed fish • The people peacefully protested • The government wants to convert tribes to farmers

  6. Palm oil plantations • Palm oil is used in snack foods, soaps, cosmetics, biofuel • Borneo has lost most of its forest cover • Clearing encourages further development and illegal logging

  7. Solutions to deforestation • REDD= Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation • From the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Conference • Wealthy nations would pay poor nations to conserve forests. • Is this fair? • The Copenhagen conference ended without a binding agreement • The REDD plan fell through, but some of the $100 billion/year going to poor nations may go to REDD • Guyana is taking a leading role in REDD • It is poor financially but rich in forests • Cutting forests would provide $580 million/year • Norway will pay $20 million in 2010 for conservation and up to $250 million in 2015

  8. New Material • Maximum sustainable yield =aims to achieve the maximum amount of resource extraction without depleting the resource from one harvest to the next • Populations grow fastest at an intermediate size • Population size is at half its carrying capacity • Harvesting to keep the population at this size results in maximum harvest • While sustaining the population

  9. Adaptive management • Adaptive management = testing different approaches and aiming to improve methods through time • The 1994 Northwest Forest Plan resolved disputes between loggers and preservationists over the last U.S. old-growth temperate rainforests • The plan let science guide management • It allowed limited logging while protecting species and ecosystems

  10. Fear of a “timber famine” • Depletion of eastern U.S. forests caused alarm • National forest system = public lands set aside to grow trees, produce timber, protect watersheds, and ensure future timber supplies • 77 million ha (191 million acres)—8% of U.S. land area • The U.S. Forest Service was established in 1905 • Manages forests for the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run • Management includes logging and replanting trees

  11. US Forestry Land • The U.S. Forest Service was established in 1905 • Manages forests for the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run • Also controls what companies go on the lands and manages land leased to companies. • How much does the Forestry Service Own?

  12. Logging on private vs. public land • Most U.S. logging occurs on private land owned by timber companies or small landowners • Companies use the maximum sustained yield approach • Management on public lands reflects social and political factors that change over time • Public concern, changing management philosophies, and economics have caused harvests to decrease • But the secondary forests that replace primary forests are less ecologically valuable

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