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Do Now

. Do Now. How many bones are in a adult human The two divisions of the human Skeleton Three types of muscle Voluntary and examples The types of Joints With examples What is the difference between Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Muscles. Do Now 2/3:                   .

todd-moore
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Do Now

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  1. .

  2. Do Now • How many bones are in a adult human • The two divisions of the human Skeleton • Three types of muscle • Voluntary and examples • The types of Joints • With examples • What is the difference between • Tendons • Ligaments • Cartilage • Muscles .

  3. Do Now 2/3:                    Get out your notebook. What is Locomotion?

  4. Chapter 14 Human Locomotion

  5. Chapter 14 Human Locomotion

  6. In humans, locomotion involves the interaction of: 1. Bones 2. Cartilage 3. Muscles 4. Tendons 5. Ligaments

  7. 36-1a The Skeleton: • Support the body • protects of body (internal) organs • Anchorage and Leverage for muscles • Stores mineral reserves • Bone marrow produces blood cells

  8. Parts of the Skeleton 206 total Bones • Axial Skeleton: skull/cranium, spinal column/backbone, ribs and the breastbone/sternum • Appendicular Skeleton: arms, legs,scapula, clavicle, pectoral and pelvic girdles.

  9. 36-1b Structure of Bones • Composed mainly of calcium • Made up of living bone cells and connective fiber tissue • Periosteum:Hardouter layer • Haversian Canals:network of tubes that contain blood vessels and nerve • Osteocytes: mature bone cells

  10. Bone Marrow • Found in hollow cavities of bone • These hollow cavities are known as the Haversian canals • Produce: *red blood cells *white blood cells *platelets

  11. The Structure of Bone Spongy bone Haversian canal Compact bone Compact bone Periosteum Bone marrow Spongy bone Osteocyte Artery Periosteum Vein Figure 36-3

  12. Bone

  13. The Skeletal system Skull Clavicle Sternum Scapula Humerus Ribs Radius Vertebral column Pelvis Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

  14. Ossification • The process by which cartilage gradually changes into bone Ex: In humans, the skeleton of an embryo is made up of mostly cartilage. By adulthood, most of this cartilage changes into bone by the process of ossification

  15. Ossification

  16. (II) Cartilage • Unlike bone, cartilage is flexible and elastic • Found at joints, nose, and ear • Absorbs shock

  17. Do Now • .

  18. Bones • Label the diagram

  19. Joints • Where bone meets bone in an organism

  20. Types of Joints • Immovable joint • Ball-and-socket joint • Hinge joint • Gliding joint

  21. Clavicle Humerus Ball-and-socket joint Radius Pivot joint Scapula Ulna Humerus Femur Patella Fibula Metacarpals Hinge joint Carpals Saddle joint Tibia Figure 36-4 Freely Movable Joints and Their Movements Section 36-1 Ball-and-Socket Joint Pivot Joint Hinge Joint Saddle Joint

  22. Muscle Tendon Femur Patella Bursa Ligament Synovial fluid Cartilage Fat Fibula Tibia Figure 36-5 Knee Joint Section 36-1

  23. Immovable Joint • Bones that are tightly fitted together

  24. Ball-and-Socket Joint • Can move in all directions

  25. Ball-and-Socket Joint

  26. Hinge Joint • Permits back and forth motion

  27. Gliding Joint • Provides limited flexibility in all directions

  28. Do Now 2/9 What are the Three types of muscle?

  29. (III) Muscles Three types of muscle: Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

  30. Skeletal Muscle • Voluntary (can be controlled) • Involved in locomotion • Attached to bone • Striated in appearance (striped) • Function as antagonistic pairs

  31. Skeletal Muscle

  32. Skeletal Muscle

  33. Antagonistic Pairs • Muscles work as opposites Ex: 1. Bicep contracts then triceps relaxes 2. Triceps contracts then the bicep relaxes

  34. Summary • When the bicep contracts, the arm bends upward (flexes) and therefore the bicep is known as a flexor • When the triceps contracts, the arm extends outward and therefore the triceps is known as an extensor

  35. Smooth Muscle • Smooth and not striated in appearance • Involuntary (cannot move) • Found in: -walls of digestive organs -walls of arteries and veins -walls of internal organs

  36. Smooth Muscle

  37. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Striated in appearance • Involuntary

  38. Cardiac Muscle

  39. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Striated in appearance • Involuntary

  40. (IV) Attachments • Ligaments- connect bone to bone • Tendons- connect muscle to bone

  41. Tendon

  42. FACT: Investigated football injuries among children and adolescents, and the findings have been remarkably consistent: * 40% of all football injuries are from sprains and strains ** 25% from contusions (bruises) *** 10% from fractures ****the remainder primarily from concussions and dislocations. These percentages are fairly constant throughout a variety of age ranges. Distribution tends to be quite consistent: *50% involve lower extremities *30% involve upper extremities.

  43. The Knee

  44.  Schematic view of a dislocation of the patella

  45. Apprehension Test

  46. The Knee

  47. Torn ACL

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