Rutherford B. Hayes

1. Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 19th President of the USA Republican

2. Background / Family Born on October 4, 1822 in Delaware, Ohio Died January 17, 1893 from complications of a heart attack in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio Hayes was educated at Kenyon College and Harvard Law School. After five years of law practice in Lower Sandusky, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer. Father was Rutherford Hayes who was a storekeeper and died 10 days before his birth Mother was Sophia Birchard and her brother Sardis Birchard lived with them as Rutherford’s guardian and father figure On December 30, 1852, Hayes married Lucy Ware Webb and had eight children; Sardis, James, Rutherford, Frances, Scott, and three died young

3. Rise to Presidency Along with being a politician and president, he was also a lawyer and military leader He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action, and rose to the rank of brevet major general. While he was still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the nomination, but would not campaign Hayes began political life as a Whig, but in 1853 joined the Free Soil party as a delegate He served in the 39th, 40th, and 43rd Congresses and became Governor of Ohio from 1868-1872 Safe liberalism, party loyalty, and a good war record made Hayes an acceptable Republican candidate in 1876. Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote after the highly disputed election of 1876. Losing the popular vote to his opponent, Samuel Tilden, Hayes was the only president whose election was decided by a congressional commission.

4. Domestic Policy Issues Hayes' most controversial domestic act – apart from ending Reconstruction – came with his response to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, in which employees of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad walked off the job and were joined across the country by thousands of workers in their own and sympathetic industries. When the labor disputes exploded into riots in several cities, Hayes called in federal troops, who, for the first time in U.S. history, fired on the striking workers, killing more than 70. Although the troops eventually managed to restore the peace, working people and industrialists alike were displeased with the military intervention. Workers feared that the federal government had turned permanently against them, while industrialists feared that such brutal action would spark revolution similar to the European Revolutions of 1848.

5. Foreign Policy Issues In 1878, Hayes was asked by Argentina to act as arbitrator following the War of the Triple Alliance between Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay. The Argentines hoped that Hayes would give the Gran Chaco region to them; however, he decided in favor of the Paraguayans. His decision made him a hero in Paraguay, and a city (Villa Hayes) and a department (Presidente Hayes) were named in his honor. A regional historical museum was named for him as well as schools, roads, and a soccer team (Los Yanquis, Spanish for the Yankees). At the Rutherford B. Hayes elementary school in Villa Hayes is a bronze bust of Hayes, which was donated by the Hayes family in the 1950s. Hayes attempted to build the Panama Canal, as he thought that a Central American canal should be under US-control. At the time, the French were making plans to build a canal designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. De Lesseps would later be forced to appear in a congressional committee to testify about the international connections of his company. However, the canal was delayed due to political reasons, including the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. The canal would be built under American-control years later under Theodore Roosevelt.

6. Important Stuff Compromise of 1877 Desert Land Act (1877) Bland-Allison Act (1878) Timber and Stone Act (1878) Tidewater Act (1879) Munn v. Illinois (1876) Installation of the first telephone in the White House Great Railroad Strike (1877) Yellow Fever Outbreak (1878)

7. Administration and Cabinet Vice President – William A. Wheeler Secretary of State – William M. Evarts Secretary of Treasury – John Sherman Secretary of War – George W. McCrary and Alexander Ramsey Attorney General – Charles Devens Postmaster General – Richard W. Thompson and Nathan Goff Jr. Secretary of the Interior – Carl Shurz

8. Quote “Conscience is the authentic voice of God to you. ”

9. Successes / Failures Signed a bill, February 15, 1879 which, for the first time, allowed female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of Justice On the Civil War battlefields, where he survived five wounds and was ultimately promoted to major general. No other president was under fire. for breaking the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Although he failed, Hayes worked on reforms that would encourage economic opportunity, distribute wealth more equitably, diminish the conflict between capital and labor, and ultimately enable African-Americans to achieve political equality. blamed for Reconstruction's failure damned for an apparent bargain that guaranteed his election in exchange for withdrawing military support of Republican governments in the South. ratified of the Fifteenth Amendment and established of Ohio State University criticized for championing the gold standard inconsistent support of civil-service reform vetoed a bill that would have prevented further Chinese immigration into the United States.

10. One word Diligent President Hayeswas a hardworking president that always had a project in mind to bring the country unity either if it was politically involved or military affiliated. Though he only went one term, Hayes main goal stayed the same throughout his entire term which was to break the “color line” and bring peace. He worked diligently on giving the black civil rights, and as well as unity between the people. He knew what he wanted, and he wasn’t afraid to show it.

11. Successful today? Hayes made a big impact on the progression of black rights. Because he worked diligently on abolishing the segregation, America was closer to seeing unity within the people. The proposal of the Reconstruction amendments guaranteed civil and voting rights to be obeyed. Hayes enforced education over the railroad station. Because of this ideal, many citizens were able to learn for themselves rather than constantly working day by day. He did not ask for railroad subsidies but called for federal aid for education, observing that "universal suffrage should rest upon universal education." Because of Hayes, our country was broght closer to unity without the troubles of equality. Though we still fight it today, under his term, he was able to give more rights to women, to the black community and to the economy during the Great Railroad Strike

12. TEAM ALPHA Ace Cordero Jesse Lajara Lizcel Tangonan Period 5 1/29/10

13. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes#Domestic_policy http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/rutherfordbhayes American Pageant Thirteenth Edition http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/president/ http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/hayes