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Vocabulary

Vocabulary. Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church. Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith.

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Vocabulary

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  1. Vocabulary • Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church. • Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith. • 95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation. • Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic. • Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith. • John Calvin- Created a very strict religious community and faith known as Calvinism. • Theocracy- A government run by religious leaders. • Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.

  2. Warm Up • What helped ideas so quickly during the Renaissance?

  3. Reformation

  4. Causes of the Reformation • Emphasis was placed on the “individual” which is not good for Church Authority • The Printing Press helped spread secular ideas • Rulers didn’t like the Pope trying to control them! • Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread throughout Europe

  5. Problems in the Catholic Church • There were many corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war! • Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and couldn’t read • Many even broke the vows they took as priests

  6. So you can see why people wanted “reform” Reformers John Wyliffe (England) Desiderius Erasmus Jan Hus (Bohemia) Thomas More Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized Church Reform in the late 1300 & early 1400’s

  7. Other important Reformers • Martin Luther • Became a Monk in 1505 • Taught at the University of Wittenberg (Germany) • Began by taking a stand against Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins) • Johann preached that buying of indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church • Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel • October 31, 1517 it was posted for the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)

  8. 3 Main ideas of Luther’s Teachings • Wanted full reform of the church • Win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness • Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities) • All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible

  9. Response to Luther • 1520 • Pope Leo X threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated • 1521 • Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms

  10. Edict of Worms • The edict declared Luther as an outlaw and heretic • No one was to give him food or shelter • His books were to be burned • Frederick the Wise of Saxony (Germany) took him in and disobeyed the Pope! • Now, Luther and his followers formed a separate religious group called Lutherans

  11. England Becomes Protestant • Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine annulled. The Pope wouldn’t do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.

  12. The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament” • Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church

  13. John Calvin • Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536 • Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must: • Attend religion classes • Wear no bright clothing • Never play with playing cards • Excommunication, banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules

  14. Basic teachings of Calvanism • Men and women were sinful by nature • Humans can NOT earn salvation • Predestination • God has known since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)

  15. Calvin’s ideal government • Theocracy • (Government controlled by Religious leaders) • Supporters of Calvin called • Huguenots

  16. What is an indulgence?A payment to the Church for a pardon from the penalty imposed by a priest for committed sins

  17. Closing • What were reasons why many people left the Roman Catholic Church?

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