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10.1 Density

10.1 Density. Density describes how much mass is in a given volume of a material. 10.1 Density. Solids, liquids and gases are matter, so they all have density. The density of water is about one gram per cubic centimeter. 10.1 Density.

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10.1 Density

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  1. 10.1 Density • Density describes how much mass is in a given volume of a material.

  2. 10.1 Density • Solids, liquids and gases are matter, so they all have density. • The density of water is about one gram per cubic centimeter.

  3. 10.1 Density • The units used for density depend on whether the substance is solid or liquid. • For liquids use units of grams per milliliter (g/mL) • For solids use density in units of g/cm3 or kg/m3.

  4. 10.1 Density of common materials • Density is a property of material independent of quantity or shape.

  5. 10.1 Density of common materials • Liquids tend to be less dense than solids of the same material. • Ex. solder

  6. 10.1 Density of common materials • Water is an exception to this rule. • The density of solid water (ice) is less than the density of liquid water.

  7. 10.1 Determining Density • To find the density of a material, you need to know the mass and volume of a solid sample of the material. • Mass is measured with a balance or scale. • Use the displacement method or calculate the volume.

  8. 10.1 Density Density changes for different substances because: • Atoms have different masses. • Atoms may be “packed” tightly or loosely.

  9. Solving Problems A solid wax candle has a volume of 1,700 mL. The candle has a mass of 1.5 kg (1,500 g). What is the density of the candle?

  10. Solving Problems Calculating Density • Looking for: • …the density of the candle • Given: • …mass = 1500 g; volume = 1700 mL • Relationship: • D = m/V • Solution: • 1,500 g ÷ 1,700 mL = 0.8823529 g/mL # Sig. fig = .88 g/mL

  11. 10.2 Properties of Solids • Different kinds of matter have different characteristics. • Characteristics that can you observe directly are called physical properties. • Physical properties include color, texture, density, brittleness, and state (solid, liquid, or gas). Ex. Iron is solid at room temp.

  12. 10.2 Properties of Solids • A physical changeis any change in the size, shape, or phase of matter in which the identity of a substance does not change. • For example, when water is frozen, it changes from a liquid to a solid.

  13. 10.2 Properties of Solids • Properties that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance are called chemical properties. • Any change that transforms one substance into a different substance is called a chemical change. Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide. Ex. If you leave a nail outside, it rusts.

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