Transitional Justice Spain

1. Transitional Justice Spain

2. Spain Overview • From 1936- 1939 bloody civil war between Franco’s military regime and Nationalist forces. • Franco’s regime was supported by Italian and German dictatorships. • General Francisco Franco and his forces Killed between 190,000 and 500,000 people. • Short Clip- • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HX_-faiNTVU

3. Spain Overview • Following the civil war Franco lead his bloody dictatorship. • Franco would order his military regime to target anyone who opposed him during the civil war. • Death penalties and concentration camps were used by Franco.

4. Changes To Dictatorship • Change was needed when both Italian and German dictatorships fell. • Franco’s regime supported an anti- communist movement. • Gained support from the United Stated for supporting this. • U.S.A. supported Spain's entrance into the United Nations.

5. Many European countries did not support this because of the human rights violations.

6. Franco’s Political Impact • Franco targeted any political party that opposed his regime. • Civil servants were banned and political parties were outlawed. • Franco held a tight grip over Spain while he was in power. • His presence would last even after his death in 1975.

7. Stolen Babies • Franco’s idea- take babies from people who opposed him and his regime. • Ideological Cleansing • Started in 1930’s- and still continued after Franco’s death in 1975. • Over 300,000 babies stolen from their parents. • Individuals involved- Nuns, Priests, Doctors, and Midwives all selling babies for profit.

8. Stolen Babies • Throughout Spain there are citizens living false lives. • Torn from their parents at birth. • Video. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L04pT8lxx6M

9. Moving On From The Dictatorship • Spain has become a model for countries that opt for democracy before transitional justice. • Negative effects- the past is not addressed before democratization. • Street signs and statues still left intact. • Franco filled Spain with symbols of the dictatorship.

10. Franco Statue Franco died in 1975 but his statue was kept intact till 2008.

11. Franco’s Presence Remained

12. Valley Of The Fallen • Created by Franco to honor those who were killed during the Spanish civil war. • Was only closed in 2010. • Symbols of Franco’s regime remained in Spain.

14. Transitional Justice In Spain • During Franco’s reign over Spain hundreds of thousands disappeared. • Post Franco authorities did not open common graves or investigate early on. • Non- governmental organizations were needed to address the past. • The Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory • Helped to recover the remains of 400 people / 200 common graves

16. Basque Country • Interdepartmental commission created in 2002 • Goal is to investigate those killed in the Spanish civil war. • Nine grave yards were constructed • Investigated that during 1936- 1939 over 8,000 disappeared, with 2, 352 were killed by gun shot.

17. Catalan Government • Raise civil war awareness about the prisoners of war. • Mapped out sites where disappeared and mass grave yards were. • Identified over 3,000 disappeared individuals and mapped 179 grave yards.

18. Summary • Spain is an example of a country that was run by a violent dictator and opted for democracy before transitional justice. • The memory of Franco’s regime still remained years after his death. • Franco’s dictatorship is responsible for the disappearance and killing of Spanish citizens • Spain eventually opted for transitional justice, but was an unusual case because of the time that the country took to address the past.

20. Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15335899 • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/18/franco-statue-spain • http://federalgovernance.co/archives/volume8/FG_VOL8_ISS2_DUNBAR.pdf