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Tiles

Tiles. Ordering. When ordering tiles the following need to be considered . Contractual Requirements Statutory Requirements Common Law Liability (i.e. Fit for Purpose). Contractual Requirements. Personal preference such as Material Type – Ceramic, Porcelain and Natural Stone.

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Tiles

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  1. Tiles

  2. Ordering When ordering tiles the following need to be considered. • Contractual Requirements • Statutory Requirements • Common Law Liability (i.e. Fit for Purpose)

  3. Contractual Requirements • Personal preference such as • Material Type – Ceramic, Porcelain and Natural Stone. • Size – 25mm x 25mm to 900mm x 600 or even larger slabs • Shape – Square, Rectangular • Colour

  4. Contractual Requirements

  5. Statutory Requirements • Volume 2 – Class 1 & 10

  6. Statutory Requirements • Volume 1 – Class 2 to 9 • Clause D2.10, D2.13 & D2.14 • non-slip" and "non-skid" surfaces must be installed for pedestrian ramps, stair treads and landings.

  7. Slip Resistance • Standards Australia & CSIRO Handbook HB 197

  8. Willoughby Council DCP – Part C6

  9. Council DCP

  10. Common Law • Duty of Care • Damages will apply if Breached

  11. Types • Ceramic • Porcelain • Natural Stones

  12. Ceramic Tiles • Tiles are made from clay, sand, feldspar, quartz • Pressed with forces from a few MPa to 650 Mpa • Fired in a Kiln, Temperature & Length will determine Hardness

  13. Ceramic Tiles • Glazed Finished applied • Tile is then re-fired • Process is then repeated till all surface finishes are complete.

  14. Glazed Tile • Glazed ceramic tiles are coated with glass-forming minerals and ceramic stains. • Glazed tile offers better stain and moisture resistance • High gloss finishes can be slippery and scratch easily, while matte or textured finishes help with traction and scratches

  15. Unglazed • As they are not glazed they don’t offer protection against stains compared to glazed ceramic tile. • These are typically used in external applications • Unglazed tiles do have good slip resistance, however they require sealing to resist staining.

  16. Porcelain Tiles • Porcelain tile is comprised of 50% feldspar • Highly Compressed • Fired at Higher Temperature • Very Hard Tile

  17. Porcelain Tiles • Resistant to Mechanical Damage • Can withstand very high temperatures • Porcelain is non absorbent • Colour permeates the entire tile

  18. Grout • There are two types of grout commonly used for home installations: • Portland cement-based and • Epoxy-based. • Epoxy is Stain & Chemical resistant. • May be specified by Councils DCP’s such as in some instances Food Preparation area requiring Epoxy Grouts

  19. Natural Stones • Granite or marble tiles are sawn on both sides and then polished or finished on the facing up side, so that they have a uniform thickness. Other natural stone tiles such as slate are typically "riven" (split) on the facing up side so that the thickness of the tile varies slightly from one spot on the tile to another and from one tile to another

  20. Marble • Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, most commonly limestone or dolomite rock. • Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains.

  21. Marble Degradation • Marble is particularly sensitive to degradation by acid chemicals • Rain with pollutants is Acidic • Marble is a softer natural rock & will wear

  22. Granite • Very Hard 200mpa • Density 2650 to 2750 kg/m3 • Granites usually have a medium- to coarse-grained texture

  23. Durability • Low Maintenance • Resistant to Alkalines • Constant Exposure to Acids will degrade • Especially glazed surfaces

  24. How tile was fired will affect hardness

  25. Durability - Classes

  26. Other Durability Issues

  27. Other Durability Issues

  28. Bowing Tolerances

  29. Storage • Ceramic tile is a very fragile product and must be stored in an area that it will be safe from getting hit by other objects • Try to leave in its original packaging. Do not remove any plastic cellophane wrapping if the tile is wrapped in it. • Cover tile that is stored directly outside. Tile can be stored directly in the elements. Covering the tile with a tarp or other plastic covering will keep the elements out • In very cold environments Allow the tile to acclimate to the room it will be installed in if the tile is stored outside during the winter. The tile should be allowed to warm up to room temperature before it is installed so it will not crack.

  30. Transport • Tiles should be transported in a vertical position to avoid the tiles be cracked by bending. • The tiles should be secured so they do not slide or bounce during transport

  31. Testing • Wet Pendulum Test

  32. Testing • DRY FLOOR FRICTION SLIP RESISTANCE TEST

  33. Testing WET BAREFOOT RAMP SLIP RESISTANCE TEST

  34. Testing • OIL WET RAMP SLIP RESISTANCE TEST

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