Homework

1. Homework In your textbook, the chapter: Land, People, History of Australia: Choose 5 “focal points” and briefly define. Turn the paper in at the beginning of class. (Not the notebook)

2. Brief Introduction to Irish territory and culture

3. Ireland IRELAND IS KNOWN FOR IT’S GREEN COLOR, DUE TO YEAR-ROUND RAINFALL. IT IS CALLED “THE EMERALD ISLE” （绿宝石岛）

4. population • The pop’n of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. (6,200,000) • About 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in the UK’s Northern Ireland. • There is a slight majority of ppl from British descent in Northern Ireland.

6. Dublin

7. Dublin • Dublin has been one of the main cities of Ireland for centuries, and Dublin’s history goes back for over 1,000 years. • Ireland’s capital, Dublin, is famous for producing some of the English language’s most famous writers. • Ireland has a great literary culture.

8. Dublin’s Literary History • Nobel Prize Winners William Butler Yeats George Bernard Shaw Samuel Beckett Seamus Heaney • Also: James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, Bram Stoker

9. William Butler Yeats • Famous Irish poet. One of the few Nobel Prize winners who is believed to have written his greatest work after he won the Nobel prize.

10. The Second Coming (Yeats) Turning and turning in the widening gyre (回旋) 
    The falcon (猎鹰) cannot hear the falconer; 
    Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; 
    Mere anarchy (混乱) is loosed upon the world, 
    The blood-dimmed tide (潮汐, 趋向) is loosed, and everywhere 
  The ceremony of innocence is drowned; 
    The best lack all conviction (坚信), while the worst 
 Are full of passionate intensity.

11. Oscar Wilde • A famous Irish writer, playwright, and poet. • His comedies The Importance of Being Earnest and An Ideal Husband are classic • He was successful, but was eventually put in jail for homosexuality

12. Dublin • Saint Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin, founded in 1191, is a cathedral dedicated to the Patron Saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick.

13. Religion in Ireland • Wikipedia: • 73% of the Irish island is Roman Catholic (87% of the Republic of Ireland.) • Northern Ireland is about 53% Protestant

14. St Patrick’s Day • Every year on March 17, people all over the world celebrate St. Patrick’s Day • Originally, St. P’s Day was just a Catholic holiday, but it became more secular and is now a way for people to celebrate Irish culture all over the world.

15. Saint Patrick Ireland’s patron Saint He was British, and kidnapped by Irishmen and forced to become a slave He escaped, but later came back to tell the Irish about Christianity. Legend says he used the shamrock (3-leaf clover) to teach about the Trinity. against snakes, engineers

17. Irish Alcohol The Irish are famous for their alcohol. Especially Guinness beer and Irish Whiskey (Jameson). Bailey’s Irish Cream is also a popular drink nowadays.

19. Pub Culture

20. A pub (“public house”) is a bar. Some Irish people will visit the pub each day to socialize, eat, watch sports, listen to music and discuss important topics

21. In 2003, Ireland had the second-highest per capita alcohol consumption in the world, just below Luxembourg at 13.5 litres (per person 15 or more years old), according to the OECD Health Data 2009 survey (wikipedia)

22. “Pub Crawl” A popular tourist activity in Dublin is a “pub crawl,” in which tourists will visit the famous pubs, learn about the city’s history, and sample beers, wines, and other drinks.

23. Historical Events HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE LAST CENTURY.

24. British Rule of Ireland, The Irish Revolution& The Irish Civil War In 1801, Ireland became a part of the UK. 120 years later, a war of independence divided the island into the UK’s Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. After this division, North Ireland saw much civil unrest until the 1990’s.

25. Since 1171 England has been involved in Ireland’s political affairs 1541 King Henry VIII, declared himself King of Ireland British Rule of Ireland

26. “The Home Rule Movement” Ireland demanded self-government.(1880s-1920)

27. Sinn Fein Republican Political Party

28. Easter Rising of 1916: • during Easter Week, 1916: a violent rebellion in Dublin against British rule. • UK stopped the violence with military & police • lasted a week, Over 400 killed • After the Easter Rising, Irish ppl gave Sinn Fein a majority of votes for the UK parliament, showing that Irish supported republican views.

29. The Republic of Ireland • Sinn Fein refused to go to Parliament, and set up a new Irish Parliament (gov’t) known as First Dáil. • UK does not acknowledge the new Republic. • Shortly after, an Irish volunteer military begins to attack British government property. • A guerilla war began, lasting for more than 2 years

30. Irish Revolution Guerilla War

31. IRA Irish Republican Armyor: The Old IRA

32. Anglo-Irish Treaty(条约) • The war of independence in Ireland ended with a truce on 11 July 1921. • 1921: The war ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which made Ireland a free state, and gave Northen Ireland the right to vote to stay with the UK or join the republic.

33. Religious/Racial conflicts of North and South

34. Irish Civil War • Anti-Treaty IRA vs. Pro-Treaty Army • The North decides to remain with the UK (the North has a large English, Protestant population) • In the North, a political-religious civil war began, which was even more violent than the Revolution.

35. The Irish Civil War • Many Republicans objected to the treaty. There were also cultural divisions between the people of N. Ireland. • Northern Ireland, people divided: • Protestant loyalists to UK • Cathlolic nationalists who wish to join the republic

36. Irish Civil War ends • The Anti-treaty forces ceased fire by 1922, pro-treaty forces won. • a bitter legacy has continued to live on. • Next week’s movie will examine the Irish Revolution and the Irish Civil War. • The Wind that Shakes the Barley

37. The Secret of Roan Inish(The Island of the Seals)

38. The Wind that Shakes the Barley • Next week we will watch the movie, The Wind that Shakes the Barley, which is about the Irish Rev & the Civil War.

39. The Troubles • What characterizes the troubles of North Ireland?

40. 1969 British Troops sent to Northern Ireland • Riots in Northern Ireland

41. IRA split • Official IRA • Provisional IRA • Violence • More Brit. troops

42. The Troubles • Paramilitary violence (游击队) – Republican vs Loyalist • Ethnic and political conflict • Bloody Sunday • Hunger Strike • Why?

43. Belfast AgreementakaThe Good Friday Agreement

44. The Secret of Roan Inish(The Island of the Seals)

45. The Wind that Shakes the Barley • Next week we will watch the movie, The Wind that Shakes the Barley, which is about the Irish Civil War.