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The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire. Chapter 6, Section 2. Roman Republic Collapses. Expansion = republican government becoming unstable Discontent among lower class. Economic Turmoil and Military Upheaval . 100 B.C.- 1/3 of Rome’s pop. was enslaved persons Competition among farms Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

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The Roman Empire

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  1. The Roman Empire Chapter 6, Section 2

  2. Roman Republic Collapses • Expansion = republican government becoming unstable • Discontent among lower class

  3. Economic Turmoil and Military Upheaval • 100 B.C.- 1/3 of Rome’s pop. was enslaved persons • Competition among farms • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • Generals seized power • New loyal soldiers, not loyal to the republic

  4. Julius Caesar Takes Control • 60 B.C.: joined forces with Crassus and Pomey • Elected to consul in 59 B.C. • Triumvirate • Disagreements with Pompey • 44 B.C.: named dictator for life

  5. Caesar’s Reforms • Absolute ruler • Opened up citizenship • Expanded the senate • Created more jobs • Assassination plot • Caesar’s death

  6. The Roman empire Section 2

  7. Beginning of the Empire • Civil War • Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus • Octavian vs. Mark Antony • Cleopatra • Octavian = Augustus

  8. Important Facts • Cleopatra: b. 69 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt; d. 30 B.C. • Daughter of Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes • Married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII, after his death married her younger brother Ptolemy XIV; later married Mark Antony • Was the last pharaoh of Egypt; Rome took control of Egypt after her death • Committed suicide after Mark Antony

  9. Vast and Powerful Empire • 207 years, peace throughout the empire • PaxRomana- “Roman Peace” • 3 million square miles

  10. A Sound Government • Efficient government • Augustus • Stabilized the frontier • Public buildings • Civil service • Died in 14 A.D. • Spain to Mesopotamia, N. Africa to Britain

  11. Roman Empire

  12. Agriculture and Trade • Agriculture was the most important industry • Common coinage (denaruius) • Vast trade network • Complex road system

  13. Road System

  14. The Roman World • Values • Discipline, strength, and loyalty • Honored strength more than beauty • Power more than grace • Usefulness more than elegance • Living on the countryside • Living in Rome and smaller cities

  15. Slaves and Captivity • Significant part of Roman life • Most were conquered peoples • Roman law: slaves were property • Cities and farms • Gladiators • No slave revolt was successful • More than 1 million died trying to gain freedom

  16. Gods and Goddesses • Numina • Lares- guardian spirits • Government and religion linked • Deities were symbols of the state • Jupiter • Juno • Minerva

  17. Society and Culture • Large gap between social groups • Colosseum • Rise of Christianity

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