Parallel session 5C : Non- Formal Education

1. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Parallel session 5C : Non- Formal Education • Training policies for disadvantaged youth in Latin America Claudia Jacinto Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

2. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa The presentation will discussed • Latin-American trends in recent policies and programmes addressed to increase disadvantaged youth employability and access to jobs. • The studied programmes were oriented to give vocational training targeted to the poorly educated youth (under secondary degree) who normally don't have access to conventional training provision. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

3. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Some regional social and educational indicators: • Poverty (40%) and increasing inequity (Gini index: 0.60). • Unemployment (15%), informal sector(47%), • High rates of primary completion • Enrolment rates in secondary schools: 70% but many differences between countries. • Drop-out rates in secondary education: 20% more between the poorest households • Less than 50% of teenagers finish the secondary level. • Only 30% of the group 20-29 years old have finished secondary level. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

4. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Apart from the regular provision coming from vocationnal training tradicional institutes depending on ministries of education or National Training Institutions.... Two main new models of provision of vocational training to disadvantaged youth in the last 15 years Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

5. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa • Labour Ministries Programmes • Short-term training combined with internships in the formal sector. • Courses assigned to a large number of institutions through a process of public bidding. • Good examples of short, not expensive training combined with internships. • But mostly the providers are weak and poorly sustainable, they are isolated and addressed to traditional areas courses. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

6. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa • 2. Social Ministries, programs developed by NGOs, foundations, churches • Oriented to the informal sector and self-employment. • Often included other more integral components than training, such as personal and citizenship education. • Less worried about the outcomes in placing the trainees after the courses, and they often neglect the real difficulties of young people to cope with self-employment. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

7. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa New trends in Learning Approaches • Training includes technical (theoretical and practices), social, livelihood and basic skills, as well as job seeking skills. • Skill-based approach of the curricula. • Job-placement services. • Some interesting experiences in linking VT with alternative secondary education • But: scarce initiatives that emphasize integral approaches to lifelong learning. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

8. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa • Limitated impact of these programs…but many lessons learnt • Employment effects: range from null to ten percentage points, but positive impacts in quality of jobs and better wages. • Self-employment and/or micro-enterprise opportunities has low impact, considering the small percentage of companies that are able to survive in the first year.But do they obtain jobs afterwards? • But, the many lessons about the best strategies and how to improve learning opportunities …. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

9. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Conclusions: Lessons from promising strategies • Combining both technical training and life and basic skills. • Including on-the-job learning (internship/placements) as a part of the training. • Training might be accompanied by work insertion services, tutoring and counseling. • Creating or reinforcing bridges between and within different educational paths and learning environments (formal schooling, vocational training, workplace). •  Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

10. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa • Supporting self-employment, and small enterprises linking them with more vast development policies. • Private-public partnerships and local approaches that link different types of institutions (educational, firms, local governments, NGOs) in a strategic plan of social and economic development. • Promoting a closer bond with the private sector employer, unions and training centers in National Qualification Framework Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education