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English

English. Grammar and Punctuation Unit. Today’s Schedule. OBJECTIVE Identify independent and dependent clauses Recap last week’s work Intro to P unctuation Unit Take pretest No, this is not graded Notes on clauses. Punctuate .

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English

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  1. English Grammar and Punctuation Unit

  2. Today’s Schedule OBJECTIVE Identify independent and dependent clauses • Recap last week’s work • Intro to Punctuation Unit • Take pretest • No, this is not graded • Notes on clauses

  3. Punctuate Dear Jack I want a man who knows what love is all about you are generous kind and thoughtful people who are not like you admit to being useless and inferior you have ruined me for other men I yearn for you I have no feelings whatsoever when we’re apart I can be forever happy will you let me be yours Jill

  4. Punctuate Dear Jack , I want a man who knows what love is all about. You are generous, kind, and thoughtful. People who are not like you, admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. I have no feelings whatsoever when we’re apart. I can be forever happy. Will you let me be yours? Jill

  5. Punctuate Dear Jack, I want a man who knows what love is. All about you are generous, kind, and thoughtful people who are not like you. Admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me. For other men, I yearn. For you, I have no feelings whatsoever. When we’re apart, I can be forever happy. Will you let me be? Yours, Jill

  6. Independent Clauses: What are they? • An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. • An independent clause is a sentence. • Stands on its own • If you are an independent person, you are just fine being by yourself. You function just fine!

  7. Independent Clauses: Examples • Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. • Mr. Prueter loves teaching. • Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore. • Mr. P loves teaching, but doesn’t love the grading. independent clause …but not the end of the sentence. No problem!

  8. Dependent Clauses:What are they? • A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. • A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. • Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. • What does it mean to depend on something? If you are dependent, you need something to make you function!

  9. Dependent Clauses: Examples Marker Words • WhenJim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . • What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete. • Although Emily likes to watch YouTube videos… • Again, we have an incomplete thought. • Afterbreaking a bone, Mr. P decided to never match his socks again dependent clause …but not the end of the sentence. No problem!

  10. Today’s Schedule OBJECTIVE Place commas in appropriate places based on analyzing clauses • Discuss pretest • Recap yesterday’s work • Independent vs. dependent clauses • Commas and clauses • Commas and conjunctions

  11. Connecting dependent and independent clauses • Whether the introductory clause is dependent or independent, there are two ways to connect one to the other: coordinating conjunctions and independent word markers • Remember what we just said for our pop quizzes; commas are used

  12. Coordinating Conjunctions • The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are and, but, for, or, nor, so, andyet. • I went to study, but I also did some people-watching • I went to study, and Jim decided to stay home and nap • I was not studying, nor was people-watching • I realized I could study, or I could spend my day people watching

  13. What’s the difference? • I realized I could study, or I could spend my day people watching. • I realized I could study or people watch.

  14. What’s the difference? • I realized I could study, or I could spend my day people watching. • I realized I could study or people watch. Fun tip that usually works: • Independent + Independent = Comma • Independent + Dependent = NO • Dependent + Independent = Comma • Dependent + Dependent = NO

  15. Today’s Schedule OBJECTIVE Identify commas in pairs; use colons and semi-colons properly with commas • Recap yesterday’s work • Commas and clauses • Commas in pairs • Colons and semi-colons • Complete worksheet in packet

  16. A quick note from yesterday • I am going to get a haircut, and John will have to pick me up. • Two independent clauses = comma • Do we need commas here? • He was a strong healthy man • Felix was a lonely young boy

  17. A quick note from yesterday • The answer is “yes” • He was a strong, healthy man • Felix was a lonely, young boy • This is one of the times where clauses don’t help us • The comma replaces the word “and” • We only need this if the sentence is short and DOES NOT HAVE A CONJUNCTION

  18. Commas in Pairs • We can often look for commas in pairs by looking for additional information • Will you, Kevin, please stop talking? • There is, of course, an answer to that question. • Is it true that, despite all of our complaining, we still have to do grammar? • I do, after all, care deeply about this project.

  19. Semi-Colons ( ; ) • Combines two INDEPENDENT clauses that are closely related • My sister is a phenomenal figure skater; she will compete in Tokyo next month • The fact she is a great skater and that her skating leads her to Tokyo means these clauses are closely related. • We would not use one for the following sentence because they are not closely related: • My sister is a phenomenal figure skater. She has many friends.

  20. Semi-Colons (cont.) • Combines two INDEPENDENT clauses that are linked with a transitional word • The director wants to start filming; however, the weather is not cooperating • I planned to wear matching socks today; nevertheless, I didn’t want the school to catch fire so I wore a mismatched pair • Notice the comma usage with semi-colons and transitions

  21. Colons ( : ) • Follows an INDEPENDENT clause • When listing • My English teacher introduced us to the following American authors: Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Dickenson • Notice the commas, especially before “and” • Notice the comma in the sentence about! We don’t have a conjunction (FANBOYS), so you cannot look for clauses. • When stating a fact • My grandfather once gave me great advice: surround yourself with greatness • After a salutation in a letter • Dear Mr. Kennedy:

  22. Italics • Book titles: To Kill a Mockingbird • Full-length plays: Death of a Salesman • Long poems: The Odyssey • Magazines: Sports Illustrated • Newspapers: The New York Times • Movies: The Dark Night • Television programs: The Tonight Show • Paintings: The Last Supper • Ships and planes: Air Force One

  23. Today’s Objectives OBJECTIVE Apply proper usage of apostrophes • Recap yesterday’s work • Notice the apostrophe! • Complete work on apostrophes • Retake pretest • Don’t you think we’ll see some improvements? • Using apostrophes… It’s a great thing to know how to do! It’s not very difficult, either!

  24. A Quick reminder: • Semi-colons and colons follow an independent clause • I want to go to the store; however, I am broke, so I shouldn’t. • Thanks for inviting me. I think, though, that I should stay in.

  25. Apostrophes • Two main purposes: Possession and Contractions • Possession • The aardvark’s pencil was broken • Tim’s smelly shoes • Brandon’s house • James’ house

  26. Apostrophes • Two main purposes: Possession and Contractions • Contractions • Its vs It’s • Its = possession (look at its ears!) • It’s = it is (It’s a shame you were not taught this earlier) • Standing in for something missing • Can’t = cannot • We’d = we would • Shouldn’t = should not • ‘Tis (the season) = It is

  27. Apostrophe “Quiz” • Samantha borrowed Julies pencil. • Tina, Lucy, Laura and Pat were playing. Jamie crept up and kicked the girls ball. • Its my birthday today. Its my moms birthday as well. • He got his ball out. Greg kicked it really hard and it went through Miss Lomas window. • I didnthear what the teacher said, so I couldntdo the work. • Were going to Spain on holiday. Imgoing to take James camera. Its lens is awesome. • I told Bob that he shouldnt steal, but he still took Lucysapple. He hid it in his sisters coat. • My two brothers were playing with their toys. I asked my mom if I could play with my brothers toys, but she said I couldnt. • My dads hobby is swimming. Were going to the swimming pool on Friday, and Imallowed to wear my big brothers goggles. • Yourenot invited. I dontwant you to spoil my party like you did James.

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