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Psychology 3318

Psychology 3318. Davison and Neale Chapter 1 Introduction: Historical and Scientific Considerations. Definitions of Psychopathology. Statistical Infrequency Violation of Norms Personal Distress Disability or Dysfunction Unexpectedness. Mental Health Professions.

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Psychology 3318

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  1. Psychology 3318 Davison and Neale Chapter 1 Introduction: Historical and Scientific Considerations

  2. Definitions of Psychopathology • Statistical Infrequency • Violation of Norms • Personal Distress • Disability or Dysfunction • Unexpectedness

  3. Mental Health Professions

  4. General Models of Psychopathology • Demonology • Psychopathology arises from evil spirits • Still part of much contemporary thought • Stresses moral aspects of the disorder • Somatogenesis (biogenesis) • Psychopathology is physical illness (structural) • Psychogenesis • Psychopathology arises from learning (functional) • Political issues are often important

  5. Somatogensis • Hippocrates and humor theory • Merged with demonology in middle ages • Witchcraft • Malleus Maleficarum (Witches Hammer) • Asylums • Bethlehem (Bedlam) • Moral Treatment • Pinel at La Bicêtre • William Tuke at York Asylum (England) • Dorthea Dix in US

  6. Somatogenesis (Cont.) • Vesalius and anatomy • Griesinger: Diagnosis must specify biological cause • Kraelpin: Syndromes (collection of symptoms), first diagnostic system. • Pasteur and germ theory • General paresis found to have biological cause.

  7. Psychogenesis • Importance of hysteria: Symptoms without apparent biological cause • Mesmer • Hysteria caused by disturbance of magnetic fluid • Placed patients in baquet (tub) • Very charismatic • Introduced hypnosis • Charcot • More orthodox and famous neurologist • Fooled by students into believing a hypnotized woman was a conversion hysteric

  8. Psychogensis (Cont.) • Breuer • Treated Anna O. • Introduced cathartic method in which emotional release was undertaken • Coauthored Studies in Hysteria with Freud • Freud (discussed more fully in next chapter) • Well trained as neurologist • Noted patients with no biological pathology

  9. Science as a Human Enterprise • There is debate how objective science is • Thomas Kuhn introduced notion of a paradigm: a conceptual framework in which scientist works that accentuates certain things and diminishes the role of others. • Newton, Einstein, and others created what many would call new paradigms. • Chapter 2 illustrates what might be called paradigms in psychopathology. • Your text provides an example of how behavioral therapists and traditional clinicians see behavior differently.

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