Department of Exper. & Clinical Toxicology University of Saarland, Homburg

1. Department of Exper. & Clinical Toxicology University of Saarland, Homburg Curricula of Toxicology in Germany Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans H. Maurer (hans.maurer@uniklinik-saarland.de) (http://www.med-rz.uni-sb.de/med_fak/pharma-toxi/index.html)

2. Department of Exper. & Clinical Toxicology University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany Helsinki Stockholm Hamburg Luxembourg Homburg/Saar

3. 1950 University of Saarland Medical Faculty Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxikology 2000

4. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar Dept. of General and Clinical Pharmacology Prof. Dr. Veit Flockerzi Dept. of Experimental Pharmacology Prof. Dr. Mark Freichel Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology Prof. Dr. Adolfo Cavalié Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology Prof. Dr. Hans. H. Maurer

5. Department of Exper. & Clinical Toxicology University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany Teaching Pharmacology and Toxicology for Students of Pharmacywith the basics of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology,and drug therapy Toxicology for Students of Medicine, Dentistry, Human Biology Research Drug Metabolism Analytical Toxicology Medical Healthcare ClinTox Service (24/7)

6. Situation of Pharmacy in Germany 22 Pharmaceutical Institutes in Germany Berlin, Bonn, Braunschweig, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Frankfurt/M., Freiburg, Greifswald, Halle, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Jena, Kiel, Leipzig, Mainz, Marburg, München, Münster, Regensburg, Saarbrücken, Tübingen, Würzburg 13 000 Students 54 000 Pharmacists 85% in 21 000 Pharmacies 11% in Industry, Universities, Administrations 4% in Hospitals

7. Curriculum for the Study of Pharmacy (German Act for the Study of Pharmacy, 2000) Same lectures and practical education for all students (>3200 h) • 4 years: pharmaceutical studies at university • 1 year: practical training period State Examination consists of 3 parts • Part I (after 2 years) • Part II (after 4 years) • Part III (after 5 years) State licence "Approbation"allowing to head a pharmacy to work as manager of pharmaceutical production, QC, etc.

8. Optional Academic Qualifications Diploma in Pharmacy Diploma thesis, 6-9 months, e.g. during practical training (only at some universities, e.g. Saarbrücken) PhD PhD thesis, 3-5 years

9. Curriculum for the Study of Pharmacy (German Act for the Study of Pharmacy, 2000) Subjects of part I of the State Examination • Inorganic and Organic Chemistry • Pharmaceutical and Human Biology • Physics, Physical Chemistry, Galenics • Pharmaceutical Analysis Subjects of part II of the State Examination • Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry • Pharmaceutical Biology • Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy • Pharmacology andToxicology • Clinical Pharmacy Subjects of part III of the State Examination • Pharmaceutical Practice • Pharmaceutical Law

10. Curriculum for the Study of Pharmacy (German Act for the Study of Pharmacy, 2000) Subject A: Chemistry of drugs, excipients, pollutants • Toxicology of chemicals, excipients, pollutants Subject B: Pharmaceutical Analysis Subject C: Scientific Fundamentals, Mathematics, Galenics Subject D: Pharmaceutical and Human Biology Subject E: Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Subject F: Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy Subject G: Biogenic Drugs Subject H: Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Analysis • Drug Monitoring, Toxicological and Environmental Analysis

11. Curriculum of Pharmacology & Toxicology(German Act for the Study of Pharmacy, 2000) Subject I: Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacology and Toxicology Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Pathobiochemistry Symptoms of Diseases, Clinical Chemistry, Pharmacotherapy Dietetics Mechanisms of Actions, Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology of Drugs, Excipients, Chemicals, Poisons, Pollutants Drug Addiction and Misuse (Clinical and Forensic Toxicology) Clinical Pharmacy Subject K: Specialized Course (in one of the Pharm. Sciences)

12. Curriculum for Pharmacists Specialized in Toxicology and Ecology (licensed by the Federal Chambers of Pharmacists) Prerequisites • License of Pharmacy • Practice in a licensed lab headed by a specialized pharmacist (4 y) • Advanced/Postgraduate Seminars (120 h) • Examination Aims • Carrying out, interpretation, assessment of studies on drug toxicity, forensic, clinical, environmental and analytical toxicology Positions • Research Institutes, Industry, Forensic Institutes • Environmental, Food or Drug Testing Labs

13. Curriculum for Pharmacists Specialized in Toxicology and Ecology (licensed by the Federal Chambers of Pharmacists) Fundamentals • Pharmacology, Toxicology, Ecology • Bioavailability, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicokinetics • Structure-Activity Relationship • Tests for Toxicity and Ecotoxicity • Sampling, Sample Preparation, Analysis of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and their Metabolites in Biosamples • Chemical, Biochemical, Instrumental, Trace Analysis • Validation and Statistics • Principles of Detoxification and Decontamination • Special Laws on Chemicals, Drugs, Foods, Ecosystems

14. Curriculum for Pharmacists Specialized in Toxicology and Ecology (licensed by the Federal Chambers of Pharmacists) Special Fields - Experimental Toxicology • Testing of Acute and Chronic Toxicity • Cancerogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity • Biotransformation and Toxicokinetics • Molecular Mechanisms of Toxic Effects • Risk Assessment • Epidemiology, Statistics • Writing of Expertises 

15. Curriculum for Pharmacists Specialized in Toxicology and Ecology (licensed by the Federal Chambers of Pharmacists) Special Fields - Analytical Toxicology • Sampling, Sample Preparation, Analytics of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and their Metabolites in Biosamples • Chemical, Biochemical, Instrumental, Trace Analytics • Validation and Statistics • Analyte Stability • Bioavailability, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicokinetics • Postmortal Toxicology • Writing of Expertises • Special Laws on Chemicals, Drugs, Foods, Ecosystems

16. Curriculum for Pharmacists Specialized in Toxicology and Ecology (licensed by the Federal Chambers of Pharmacists) Special Fields - Eco and Environmental Toxicology • Sampling, Sample Preparation, Analytics of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and their Metabolites in Air, Water, Soil, Waste and Biosamples • Chemical, Biochemical, Radiochemical, Microbiological, Instrumental Analytics • Validation and Statistics • Analyte Stability • Risk Assessment in Ecosystems and Poison Information • Test for Ecotoxicity • Writing of Expertises • Special Laws on Chemicals, Drugs, Foods, Ecosystems

17. Curriculum for Specialist in Toxicology, (German Society of Toxicology in DGPT) Prerequisites • Study of Pharmacy, Chemistry, Biology, Human or Veterinary Medicine • Practice in a Licensed Lab Headed by a Specialized Toxicologist (5 y) • 12 Advanced/Postgraduate Courses • Examination

18. Curriculum for Specialist in Toxicology, (German Society of Toxicology in DGPT) Advanced/Postgraduate Courses • Animal Experimentation • Experimental Planning, Biometry • Analytical Toxicology • Pathology • General and Organ Toxicology • Metabolism and Toxicokinetics • Cell and Molecular Biology and Toxicology • Chemical Mutagenesis • Chemical Cancerogenesis • Reproductive Toxicology • Allergy and Immunotoxicology • Clinical Toxicology

19. Curriculum for Specialist in Forensic Toxicology(Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry, GTFCh) Prerequisites • Study of Pharmacy, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Medicine • Practice in a Lab of Forensic or Clinical Toxicology (7 y) • Advanced/Postgraduate Courses • Experience in Writing of Expertises  Special Knowledge and Skills • Sampling, Sample Preparation of Biological Materials • Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Analysis, QC, Validation • Applicability and Limits of Analytical Techniques • Effect and Behaviour of Active Substances in Organisms • Fundamentals of General and Clinical Toxicology • Relevant Legal Requirements and Responsibilities • Written and Oral Assessment of Analytical Results

20. Postgraduate Study of Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Germany Prerequisites • Study of Pharmacy, Chemistry, Biology, Agronomy • 12 Advanced/Postgraduate Courses • Examination Courses • Animal Experimentation • Toxicological Tests • Pharmacology and Toxicology • Analytical Toxicology • Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine • Applications in Toxicology