Functional Behavior Assessment: Developing Support Plans

1. Basic FBA to BSP Using Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) to Develop Function-Based Behavior Support Plans (BSP) Adapted from Sheldon Loman and others Day One

2. Learning Objectives Day One: • Understand the concepts of “function” and “functional behavior assessment” • Consider how FBA/BSP fits within a multi-tiered system of supports • Learn the FBA process and practice with selected student Day Two: • Develop a BSP for selected student • Plan for implementing FBA/BSP within your multi-tiered system

3. Materialswww.pbisvermont.org Introduction and Practice in Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Planning (FBA/BSP) From FBA to BSP Workbook

4. What is the Functional (Behavioral Assessment) Behavior Support Plan (F-BSP) Protocol? • An interview tool for collecting information about problem behaviors • For staff, parents, and students • The F-BSP then leads the team to create a competing behavior pathway and behavior support plan

6. What’s the function of this behavior? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkKOqij_Tdw

8. Function Based Approach Focuses on: Changing environmental factors instead of fixing the person. It’s about what we as adults will do differently!

9. D.A.S.H. • Define behavior in observable and measurable terms • Ask about behavior by interviewing staff and student specify routines where & when behavior occurs summarize where, when, and why behavior occurs • See the behavior observe the behavior during routines specified observe to verify summary from interviews • Hypothesize a final summary of where, when, and why behaviors occur

10. Simple vs Complex FBA

11. How Does the Functional Approach Fit Into Your School’s Multi-Tiered System of Supports?

12. Six Components of Universal • Purpose Statement • 3-5 Expectations • System for Teaching Expectations • System for Acknowledging Expectations • System for Discouraging Problem Behavior • Data-based Decision Making Think Functionally! Universal

13. Targeted Interventions • Implement Universal with Fidelity • Inventory Existing Targeted Practices • Develop Intervention – ie. Check-in/Check-out • Develop Data System to Support Targeted Interventions Match interventions to the function of the behavior! Targeted

14. Examples: Targeted Group Interventions Based on Functions of Behavior Access Adult Attention/Support: • Check-In/Check-Out • Adult Mentoring Programs Access Peer Attention/Support: • Social Skills Instruction • Peer Mentoring • Self-Monitoring with Peer Support (function: academic task escape) • Academic Skills Support: • Organization/Homework planning support • Homework completion club • Tutoring

15. INTENSIVE LEVEL • Establish Intensive Team • Establish SU Supports for the Intensive Level • Establish SU and interagency • Develop Capacity for Wraparound Supports Create comprehensive FBA/BSP Intensive

16. Who is Responsible for Conducting FBA/BSP in Your School? How does someone access this FBA/BSP?

17. Requesting an FBA • Teachers & school teams should be able to identify the system for requesting assistance • Teachers should be able to identify who to access assistance from • The targeted team (EST) will determine when an FBA/BSP referral is necessary based on data

18. ACTIVITY 1: Using the questions in the workbook, review/develop your school’s process for accessing an FBA/BSP

19. D.A.S.H. • Define behavior in observable and measurable terms • Ask about behavior by interviewing staff and student specify routines where & when behavior occurs summarize where, when, and why behavior occurs • See the behavior observe the behavior during routines specified observe to verify summary from interviews • Hypothesize a final summary of where, when, and why behaviors occur

20. Defining and Understanding Behavior

21. Always Start by Defining the Problem Behavior (ABC’s) 2 Antecedents/Triggers When _____happens…. 1 Behavior: the student does (what)__ 3 Consequence/Function ..and as a result ______

22. Defining Observable Behaviors Definitions of behaviors need to be: * Observable: The behavior is an action that can be seen * Measurable: The behavior can be counted or timed * Defined so clearly: that a person unfamiliar with the student could recognize the behavior without any doubts!

23. Examples and Non-Examples

24. Are these observable & measurable? • Gets out of desk and hits other students • Has separation anxiety (from parent) • Spacey • Reads 120 wpm • Says she hears voices • Emotionally disturbed • Doesn’t like classmates

25. Defining Behavior Tips:1) “What does the behavior look like?” Talking out: Any verbalization made by the student that was not initiated by the teacher and/or distracts others from the assigned tasks in the classroom 2) Provide Examples and Non-Examples of the Problem Behavior Examples of Talking Out: • Answering a question the teacher asks of a different student Non-examples of Talking Out: • Answering a question the teacher asks of the student

26. ACTIVITY 2: A) Using your workbook, provide an observable & measurable definition for these behaviors: Jeff is always disruptive in class Hailey is constantly off-task during math Chris is defiant Brandon is angry and hostile Alexis uses inappropriate language B) Provide an observable and measurable definition of your student’s behavior

27. D.A.S.H. • Define behavior in observable and measurable terms • Ask about behavior by interviewing staff and student specify routines where & when behavior occurs summarize where, when, and why behavior occurs • See the behavior observe the behavior during routines specified observe to verify summary from interviews • Hypothesize a final summary of where, when, and why behaviors occur

28. AskingAbout When, Where, and Whythe Behavior Occurs

29. Once you have defined the problem behavior…THEN: Where & Whendoes the behavior occur? 2 Antecedents/Triggers When _____happens…. 1 Behavior: the student does (what)__ 3 Consequence/Function ..and as a result ______

30. WHERE and WHEN Does the Problem Behavior Occur? WHERE = Routines where the problem behavior is most likely Examples: during math class, gym, lunch, recess WHEN = Specific events (or antecedents) within a routine that “trigger” the problem behavior Examples: when given double-digit addition, given directions

31. Identifying Antecedent “Triggers” Identify the event, action, or object that occurs right before the problem behavior (When…) • Signals the behavior • “Sets it off” (trigger) Identify the ANTECEDENT in these examples: • At the lunch table, when told to shut up by a peer, Ben hits the student • In language arts class, when asked to read aloud in class, Tracy gets up and tells jokes • During circle time, when praised Jessie starts crying

32. ACTIVITY 3: Using your workbook, identify the behavior and antecedent in the scenarios

33. Scenario #1 Antecedent Routine: “During __________________________” Passing Period before Recess Antecedent Behavior When… When… When… The student... The student... CALLS NAMES & HITS PEERS TEASE ABOUT HIS WALK During passing period in the hallway before recess, when peers tease him about his walk, A.J. calls them names and hits them.

34. Scenario #2 Routine: “During________________” Math Class Antecedent Behavior When… When… The student… GIVEN A DIFFICULT MATH PROBLEM STARES & DOES NOT RESPOND TO DIRECTIONS In math class, Bea stares off into space and does not respond to teacher directions when she is given a difficult math problem.

35. 2 Routines/Antecedents: When _____happens…. 1 Behavior: the student does (what)__ 3 Consequence/Outcome ..and as a result ______ Once you have defined the behavior (the What) & know Where & When the behavior occurs… Then: What is the CONSEQUENCE? (What happens after or as a result of the behavior?)

36. Consequence: Determine What Happens Right After the Behavior It may help to think: “and as a result ______________” Example (AntecedentBehaviorConsequence) • During recess, when peers tease him, Ben hits his peers and they leave him alone. • During reading, When asked to read aloud Tracy tells jokes, the other students laugh, and she is sent to the office (missing the assignment) • During circle time, when praised Jessie starts crying, the teacher stops circle time and comforts her

37. ACTIVITY 4: • Using your workbook, identify the behavior, routine, antecedent, and consequence in the scenarios • Identify the ABC’s of your student’s behavior

38. Scenario #1 Joe throws his pencil and rips his paper during math whenever he is given double-digit math problems. This results in him getting sent to the office. Routine: “During ________________” Math class Antecedent/Trigger: When.. Behavior: Student does.. Consequence/Outcome: and as a result… Given double-digit math problems Throws pencil & rips paper Sent to the office

39. Scenario #2 Nancy cries during reading time when she is asked to work by herself. This results in the teacher sitting and reading with her. Routine: “During ________________” Reading Antecedent/Trigger: When… Behavior: Student does.. Consequence/Outcome: and as a result... Asked to work by herself The teacher sits & reads with her Cries

40. 2 Routines/Antecedents: When _____happens…. 1 Behavior: the student does (what)__ 3 Consequence/Outcome ..and as a result ______ Function is _________ Once you have identified the ABC’s Then: You need to understand the FUNCTION or WHY the behavior occurs

41. Functions ofBehavior

42. To Obtain/ Get : Peer attention Adult attention Desired activity Desired object/ items Sensory stimulation: auditory, tactile, etc. To Avoid/ Escape: Difficult Task Boring Task Easy Task Physical demand Non-preferred activity Peer attention Staff attention Reprimands Most Common Functions of Behavior

43. Examples of Function in School • Obtain/Get Reinforcers • I yell and others look at me • I fight and others listen to me • I wander and people talk to me • I hit in order to get toys from other kids • Escape/Avoid Aversives • I cry when work gets hard and the teacher tells me to take a time out • I throw a book during math class and the teacher will remove me from class • I stand out of the way during PE and the other game participants will avoid throwing me the ball.

44. Understanding FUNCTION: WHY? What maintains the behavior? Use information about the routine, antecedent, behavior, & consequence to determine that the function of the behavior is either to: -Get or Avoid something in the environment Routine: During ________________ Consequence/Outcome: and as a result… __________ Therefore, the function of the behavior is to: get/avoid ____________ Antecedent/Trigger: When _________ Behavior: Student does _________

45. What is the Function of Jane’s Behavior? Jane, a fifth grade student, was referred for disruptive behavior to the student support team by her teacher, Mrs. O’Neil. After interviewing Mrs. O’Neil and conducting several observations of Jane in the classroom, the team determined that during transitions (from lunch, recess, dismissal) in the hallway when staff are present, she shouts profanities. Then, adults spend time talking with her about her behavior.

46. Jane’s Summary Statement Routine: During ________________ Transitions Antecedent/Trigger: When .. Behavior: Student.. Consequence/Outcome: and as a result... Therefore, the function of the behavior is to: get/avoid Shouts profanities Staff are present Adults talk to her Attention from Adults Adult Attention is what maintains the behavior!!

47. ACTIVITY 5: Using your workbook, identify the behavior, routine, antecedent, and consequence in the scenario and for your student Use this information to determine the most likelyFUNCTION of the problem behavior

48. Scenario #1 When asked to sit with to his peers in morning circle, Mike pulls the hair of the girl sitting next to him. The teacher tells Mike to go back and sit at his desk. Routine: “During ________________ “ Morning Circle Consequence/Outcome: and as a result… Therefore, the function of the behavior is to: get/avoid Antecedent/Trigger: “When … Behavior: Student does… Sent to sit at desk Asked to sit with peers Pulls hair of girl next to him Sitting at morning circle

50. Scenario #3 Routine: “During ________________” Antecedent/Trigger: “When … Behavior: Student does.. Consequence/Outcome: and as a result… Therefore, the function of the behavior is to: get/avoid From the video you just watched on Shane …. 54