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Earth’s place in the solar system

Science Chapter 10. Earth’s place in the solar system. Lesson 1- What Causes Earth’s Seasons?. Earth spins just like a top! P icture a line going through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. This imaginary line through Earth is called Earth’s AXIS .

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Earth’s place in the solar system

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  1. Science Chapter 10 Earth’s place in the solar system

  2. Lesson 1- What Causes Earth’s Seasons? • Earth spins just like a top! • Picture a line going through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. This imaginary line through Earth is called Earth’s AXIS. • The Earth spins, or ROTATES, on this tilted axis. This is called ROTATION. • It takes 1 day, or 24 hours, for the Earth to rotate.

  3. Lesson 1 Continued… • The Earth also revolves around the sun. One trip around the sun is one REVOLUTION. • Each revolution takes about 365 days, or one year.

  4. Lesson 1 Continued (Seasons) • During the year, some parts of Earth has four seasons- WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, and FALL. • The tilt of Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun causes seasons. • Where the sun’s rays strike Earth DIRECTLY, the season is SUMMER. • Where they strike Earth at the GREATEST SLANT, is WINTER.

  5. Lesson 1 Continued (Day and Night) • Earth takes one year to revolve around the sun, but only one day to rotate. • As it rotates, the half of the Earth that is facing the sun has daytime. • The half of the Earth that is NOT facing the sun has nighttime.

  6. Lesson 2 - How Do Earth and the Moon Interact? • Have you ever noticed the different shapes of the moon? • The different shapes we see are called MOON PHASES. • The moon does not really change. Just like Earth, half of the moon is always lit by the sun. • THE MOON REVOLVES AROUND THE EARTH.

  7. Lesson 2 Continued • It takes the moon about 29 days to go through its phases in order. • This pattern of phases is called the LUNAR CYCLE. • When Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon, a LUNAR ECLIPSE happens. • When the moon’s shadow falls on Earth, a SOLAR ECLIPSE happens.

  8. Lesson 3- What is the Solar System? • A PLANET is a large body of rock or gases. • Each planet revolves around the sun on its own path called an ORBIT. • The sun, planets, and other small things that orbit the sun make up the SOLAR SYSTEM. • The SUN, which is the biggest object in the solar system, is the CENTER of the solar system.

  9. Lesson 3 Continued… • The sun is one of the biggest stars in the universe. • STARS are hot balls of glowing gases that give off energy. • The sun is the star closest to the Earth. • CONSTELLATIONS are groups of stars that appear to form shapes.

  10. Lesson 3 Continued (Inner Planets) • The four planets closest to the sun are called the inner planets. • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • All the inner planets have ROCKY SURFACES, are SMALLER THAN MOST OF THE OTHER PLANETS, and are WARMER THAN THE OTHER PLANETS. • **Earth and Mars have LENGTH OF DAYS that are close to the same time. Earth = 24 hours Mars = 25 hours

  11. Lesson 3 Continued (Outer Planets) • The “five” planets farthest from the sun are called the outer planets. • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune • “Pluto” • The outer planets are made MOSTLY OF FROZEN GASES, and most of them are VERY LARGE with MANY MOONS.

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