Introduction to World Traditional Medicine Patent Database (WTMPD)

1. Introduction to World Traditional Medicine Patent Database (WTMPD) Beijing East Linden Science & Technology Co., Ltd Tel:+86 10 5129 6683 Fax:+86 10 8207 4085 www.eastlinden.net Email:info@eastlinden.com

2. MainComponents

3. prologue World traditional medicine patent database (WTM) produced by East Linden is the world’s first bilingual(English and Chinese) traditional medicine patent database with integration of multinational patent resources. Based on high-quality manually processed/indexed/translated data, assisted by five auxiliary files as well as two facilitating helping tools, plus functional search engine which provides multiple search entries, WTMPD is a valuable patent information resource in terms of providing professional search capabilities and analytical tools for global research academies and enterprises in the field of natural medicine research and drug development. Besides, natural products with pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and agrochemical interest are also included. This file will present a detailed introduction to the database from the following five aspects. 1. Introduction to Manually Processed & Deeply-indexed Data 2. Introduction to Auxiliary Files 3. Introduction to Helping Tools 4. Introduction to Search & Analyzing Platform 5. Introduction to Search Queries & Results Management Interface

4. 1. Manually Processed & Deeply-indexed Data

5. 1.1 A Full Record Sample 1.2 Data Description 1.3 Rewritten Title 1.4 Enhanced Abstract 1.5 Unifying IPC Format & Supplementing IPC 1.6 Index Terms 1.7 Indexed Term Codes 1.8 Therapeutic Effects Indexation 1.9 TCM Formulae Outline

6. A Full Record Sample 1.1

7. Data Description 1.2 • Data Coverage: • China, United States, Japan, Korea, Austria, Canada, Switzerland, East Germany, France, South Africa, Spain, Great Britain, Ireland, Israel, India, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Soviet Union, Singapore, Taiwan, EPO, WIPO • Time Scope: 1985 to date • IPC Coverage: • A61K35 A61K33 A23L A61K9 A61K31 A61K7 A61K38 A61K49 A61K47 A61K39 C12N1/14 A01G1/04 A61K36 A61K8 A61P

8. Rewritten Title Rewritten Title 1.3 • More descriptive information added to the title: • Name of drug or product, drug ingredients • Method of preparation • Novelty • Physiological activity or biological mechanism • Uses 1.PN:US6004559 Original Title : Nontoxic extract of larrea tridentata and method of making the same Rewritten Title: Nontoxic, therapeutic agent prepared with extract of larrea tridentata for the treatment diseases caused by viruses and inflammatory diseases, and method of making the same 2. PN: WO0191770 Original Title : Compositions and methods for treating eye discomfort Rewritten Title : Compositions containing herbals, natural nutritional supplements, minerals and vitamins and methods for treating eye discomfort Samples

9. Enhanced Abstract 1.4 More descriptive information about technique is added to abstracts: • The subject or purpose of the invention • Standardization of compound or medicine name • Method of preparation • Advantages • Physiological activity or biological mechanism • Uses • Means of taking medicine

10. Sample 1 • PN: US5012761 Original Abstract: Chickens are fed a composition including fish oil over a period of time. Modified eggs laid by such chickens contain substantial quantities of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The modified eggs are fed to humans with the result that serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood pressure are reduced a compared to human eating a like number of regular eggs with a subsequent decrease in heart disease. Enhanced Abstract:A method of increasing the OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of chicken eggs comprises the steps of: (a) obtaining a grain based chicken feed; (b) forming a mixture of the chicken feed and an oil containing OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the oil being from about 3.0 percent to about 10.0 percent by weight of the mixture; (c) thereafter feeding chicken laying hens the mixture as a primary source of food for the hens; and (d) collecting the eggs of such hens laid subsequent to the hens eating the mixture. The oil is fish oil, and fish oil may be deodorized. Said hen eggs contain low cholesterol content, which can be fed to humans with the result that serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein and blood pressure are reduced as compared to humans eating a like number of regular eggs with a subsequent decrease in heart disease for example coronary heart disease.

11. Sample 2 • PN:  US20020082780 • Original Abstract: Therapeutic compositions made from the herb Tribulus terrestris and methods of making and using the same are provided, The therapeutic compositions include an enriched extract having an increased spirostanol saponin content that is prepared from the harvested Tribulus terrestris L. The enriched extract is prepared using discrete hydrolysis, separation and enrichment steps. The resulting therapeutic may be combined with a cream base and is useful for treating bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, particularly gynecologic infections. This product was also found to be very successful in suppository form for the treatment of vulvo-vaginal, vulvo-hemorrhoidal and colonic conditions. • Enhanced Abstract: An anti-bacterial, anti-virus, anti-herpes topical medication comprising extract of Tribulus terrestris L. (Tribulus terrestris, Puncture Vine, Caltrop fruit) is prepared by the steps of: (a) Preparing an aqueous first extract of Tribulus terrestris L; (b) Treating the first extract to convert furostanol saponin compounds of protodioscine contained therein to spirostanol saponin compounds of diosgenin by BETA-Glucosidase or acid hydrolysis; (c) isolating the spirostanol compounds from the first extract; and (d) adding the isolated spirostanol compounds to second Tribulus terrestris L extract. The resulting therapeutic medication may be formulated into cream, ointments, eye and ear drops. It is useful in the treatment of conditions related to viral, bacterial, fungal, viral, yeast, parasitic infections, particularly gynecologic infections, including genital, and eye and ear infections, vaginal infections, candidiasis, skin disorders such as skin infection, acne, skin burning and rashes, herpes simplex I, herpes simplex II, cervical wounds, cervical erosion, diabetic wounds, Burger disease, phlebitis, varicose veins and broken split skin. It may block cancer cells from growing. It also can be used for the treatment of vulvo-vaginal, vulvo-hemorrhoidal and colonic conditions in the form of suppository.

12. Unifying IPC Format and Supplementing IPC 1.5 • Unified IPC format, making IPC format more standard • IF the subject of the patent is about USE (Therapeutic Effects), IPC A61P will be added to the patent record • IF the subject of the patent is about FOR ( Formulation Process), IPC A61K009 will be added to the patent record • IF a patent is about a medicine relevant to plant or epiphyte, IPC A61K035/78 and A61K035/84 will be added to the patent record Sample • PN: US6004559 • Original IPC:A23C 9/00; A23L 1/304; A23L 2/00; A23L 2/40 • After:A23C009/00; A23L001/304; A23L002/00; A23L002/40; A23C009/152; A23L002/52; A23L002/42; A23L002/44; A23L002/54 A23L002/54; A61P003/02 Supplementing A61P based on IPC7

13. Indexing Terms 1.6 All Traditional Medicine , Specific Compounds , Generic Structure , Animal Medicine, Plant Medicine existing in the patent document are indexed to support a special search • PN:US6368641 • Abstract: Lactic acid food products comprise a starter for use in producing lactic acid food products and soy milk or a mixture of soy-milk and dairy milk. The starter comprises Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 317/402, Lactobacillus acidophilus non-mucus producing strain, Streptococcus diacetilactis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus cremoris. The lactic acid food products can be made into sour cream, cottage cheese, lactic acid desserts, dry drinks, ice cream, frozen dessert. Lactic acid food products can be used in a normal diet or in medicine both for their nutritive value, and for the physiologically active substances they contain. It can be used for the medical treatment of health problems such as gastrointestinal disorders (such as gastritis, hyperemia, and ulcer of a stomach), pulmonary disease and allergies. It also can be used as part of a medical treatment to promote the growth of the natural microflora of intestine and to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. • Indexed Terms: SOY MILK; DAIRY MILK; LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS STRAIN 317/402; LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS NON MUCUS PRODUCING STRAIN; STREPTOCOCCUS DIACETILACTIS; LACTOBACILLUS SALIVARIUS; STREPTOCOCCUS CREMORIS; LACTIC ACID FOOD PRODUCT; SOUR CREAM; COTTAGE CHEESE; LACTIC ACID DESSERTS; DRYDRINKS; ICE CREAM; FROZEN DESSERT Sample

14. Indexed Term Codes 1.7 According to subject of the patent, all patents in the database are classified into eight categories with different Indexed Term Codes (ITC) as below

15. Sample 1 ITC: COM(COMBINATION PROCESS) PN:US20040115163 Abstract:A cosmetic product with skin-aging retarding effect comprises vegetable lipidic extracts. The lipidic extracts include sea fennel wax, Cistus monspeliensis wax, Helichrysum italicum wax and Lavandula stoechas wax, which are prepared from Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel, Apiaceae family, Crithmum genus), Cistus monspeliensis (Cistaceae family, Cistus genus), Helichrysum italicum (Asteraceae family, Helichrysum genus) and Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae family, Lavandula genus) by means of supercritical CO2 co-extraction in the presence of a solvent composed of vegetal origin triglycerides. And a vegetable oil which is solid at room temperature is added to the lipidic extracts. The cosmetic product can be available in the form of a vegetal wax; and can be used as a food supplement. The vegetal waxes act both on epidermal differentiation and on keratinocyte division. They have effect in retarding skin aging. They also may be used in dermatology as the active principle of a pharmaceutical product to treat the disorders of keratinocyte differentiation, in particular as an anti-psoriatic agent; and moreover may be used as the active principle of a pharmaceutical used in speeding up scar formation. .

16. Sample 2 ITC:EXT(EXTRACTION PROCESS ) PN:US20060057238 Abstact: A method of making extract of buds of cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae, Cryptomeria japonica) includes three stages, first solid/liquid extraction stage at a temperature between 3-100℃ with water, alcohol (such as butylene glycol) or a polyol, followed by a second solid/liquid separation step, then a third liquid phase retrieval step. The solid/liquid extraction step is performed by maceration, digestion, fluid bed extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, countercurrent extraction, percolation, repercolation, leaching, low-pressure extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and so on.Said extract can be used to make face cream, Slimming Body Milk, O/W Emulsion, W/O Emulsion, Microemulsion, Sunscreen, Makeup Foundation and so on.

17. Sample 3 ITC: FOR(FORMULATION PROCESS ) PN: US5012761 Abstrac: A method of increasing the OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of chicken eggs comprises the steps of: (a) obtaining a grain based chicken feed; (b) forming a mixture of the chicken feed and an oil containing OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the oil being from about 3.0 percent to about 10.0 percent by weight of the mixture; (c) thereafter feeding chicken laying hens the mixture as a primary source of food for the hens; and (d) collecting the eggs of such hens laid subsequent to the hens eating the mixture. The oil is fish oil, and fish oil may be deodorized. Said hen eggs contain low cholesterol content, which can be fed to humans with the result that serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein and blood pressure are reduced as compared to humans eating a like number of regular eggs with a subsequent decrease in heart disease for example coronary heart disease.

18. Sample 4 ITC: NTU(NEW THERAPEUTIC USE) PN: US5776463 Abstract: Oral pharmaceutical composition contains petals of borage (Boraginacae, Borago officinalis) or extract of borage petals, wherein the extract is freeze-dried soluble extracts of borage petals, and is obtained by extracting with solvent selected from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone. The composition is used for reducing heart rate and blood pressure due to stress, prevention and treatment of circulatory heart diseases such as angina, palpitations and hypertension as well as symptoms such as chest pains traveling down to the shoulders and arms, shortness of breath, numbness in fingers, irregular heart beats, arrhythmia, anxiety. The composition can be made into capsule, film-coated tablet, oral drops, tea composition.

19. Sample 5 ITC: PHY(PHYSICAL PROCESS) PN:US5368874 Abstract: A method for manufacturing intermediate products for preparation of animal feeds. The process comprising the steps of reducing the crude raw material (soya beans, fodder beans, cereals, peas, rape seed and broad beans) in size, heating a crude granular raw material in a vessel containing a heating device at a temperature of 100℃ which is sufficient to toast the raw material, feeding the toasted crude raw material from the vessel to a container, cooling the toasted raw material within the container by contacting the toasted raw material with cold air (10-30℃) in counterflow to the feeding of the toasted raw material in order to heat and moisten the cold air and to cool and dry the raw material so as to obtain the intermediate products, feeding the heated moist air back to the vessel thereby recovering the energy from the heating step. In this method, energy and moisture from the heating process can be recovered and re-used. The method eliminates the anti-nutritional factors in the raw materials of animal feeds and improves the nutritional value of the raw materials.

20. Sample 6 ITC: ANA(ANALYTIC PROCESS ); FOR PN:US6759517 Abstract: An allergenic protein from natural rubber latex is provided. The allergenic protein is from the latex or tissue of rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. It is oligomeric of monomeric polypeptides. The allergenic protein can be used in assays for identifying and/or quantitating antibodies in blood or blood products that mediate the occurrence of an allergic reaction induced by natural rubber latex, and can be use in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests for detecting hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex. Said allergens can be used as de-sensitizing agents in the treatment of latex protein allergy.

21. Sample 7 ITC:BIO(BIOLOGICAL PROCESS ) PN:US20040241784 Abstract: A method for selecting non-pathogenic Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilli) strains which can combat infections via tissue adherence by a pathogenic Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria strains, such as enteropathogenic bacteria strains of Salmonellas, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia, and Clostridies, especially ECET/0147: K88ac serotype strain of Escherichia coli; and has the properties of the ability to adhere to tissues of an organ that is likely to be infected, the ability to fix to one another via mutual adhesion sites, and the ability to fix to the attachment determinants of the pathogenic bacterial strain responsible for the infection. The method comprises insolating a single strain from duodenum of each piglets or sows, culturing, and identifying to obtain strains of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc; treating duodenum of a host (an animal, such as a fowl, a pig, a bovine, a dog, a cat, a horse, an ovine, a caprine or a fish, preferably a piglet) with the Krebs buffer and a glycerolized buffer sequentially to obtain enterocytes and mucous membrane, suspending in buffer, adding the lactic acid bacteria strains suspension, and stirring to displaying tissue adherence properties on the mucous membrane and on the enterocytes of the duodenum; mixing lactic acid bacteria strains suspension with the pathogenic bacteria suspension, and stirring mildly to observe autoaggregation (adherence between the lactic acid bacteria of a same strain) and coaggregation (adherence between the lactic acid bacteria and the pathogenic bacteria) properties; and measuring the specificity of the adherence of the lactic acid bacteria to pathogenic bacteria expressing K88 fimbriae. The bacteria strains selected with this method can be mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle to prevent or treat infection of a host digestive tract by pathogenic bacterial strains.

22. Sample 8 ITC: PLA(PLANTING) PN:US6337071 Abstract: A plant of the species Leptospermum liversidgei which is able to block the carbon dioxide message to mosquitoes and/or fleas within the vicinity of its locus. The clone of Leptospermum liversidgei is planted through clonal selection on the basis of tissue oil content, and propagating asexually. Said plant has a content of citronellal and/or the citronellal analogues isopulegol and pulegol. It can be planted in either outdoor or indoor situations for repelling mosquito and/or flea. Crude or refined essential oil extract from the said plant can be obtained to prepare an essential oil composition comprising said essential oil extract for repelling mosquitoes and/or fleas.

23. Therapeutic Effects Indexation (USE) 1.8 Sample • Therapeutic effects indexation can be divided into:Therapeutic effect（THEF）and diagnosis（DIAG） • PN-US20020049251 • Abstract:A composition comprises a mixture of annatto (Bixa orellana linn seed, Bixa orellana seed, Bixaceae family, reddish-orange colorant) extract with tocotrienol and a natural plant extract; and wherein the mixture has standardized low levels of tocopherols. The tocotrienol includes all the chemically synthesized forms of alpha-tocopherol, delta-tocotrienol and gamma-tocotrienol, such as alpha-T1, delta-T3, gamma-T3, DL-delta-tocotrienol and DL-gamma-tocotrienol; and the natural extract is selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, rice bran, palm, olive, wheat germ, oat bran, sunflower seed, cottonseed, cranberry seed, and litchi seed. The composition has effects in activating PPARs, regulating SREBP transcription factors, decreasing the blood level of the triglyceride, against inflammation, lowering cholesterol, decreasing cardiovascular risk index, decreasing metabolic risk index, reducing osteoporosis, increasing bone mineralization, enhancing immune system, lowering lipids, reversing insulin resistance, increasing natriuresis, improving autonomic nervous, aidding nerve growth, healing damaged nerves, and reversing chronic aging system, and extending life; and can be used for treating skin malady, eczema, prediabetes, diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular disease, lipidemia and diabetic dyslipidemia, hypertension, T2DM, PCOS, fatty liver disease, cancer, acute nerve damage, neural degenerative genetic disease, acute brain damage, brain trauma, chronic nerve damage, neural toxicity, chronic brain damage, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. • USE:ANTIINFLAMMATORY; CHOLESTEROLEMIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; BONE MINERALIZATION; NATRIURESIS; PREDIABETES; DIABETES; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; LIPIDEMIA; DIABETIC DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; DERMATOLOGICAL; HYPERTRIG AUTONOMIC NERVE LYCERIDEMIA; METABOLIC DISEASE; IMMUNOSTIMULANT; AUTONOMIC NERVE; NERVE TRAUMA; AGING; DERMATOLOGICAL; ECZEMA; LIPIDEMIA; T2DM; POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME; FATTY LIVER; CANCER; NEURAL DEGENERATION; BRAIN INJURY; ALZHEIMER; PARKINSON; HUNTINGTON CHOREA

24. TCM Formulas Indexation 1.9 Sample All formulae existing in the patent documents are indexed to support a special search. PN: CN1107067 Abstract: A Chinese medicinal pill, TIANJIAN Pill, is composed of TIAN Pill and JIAN Pill. TIAN Pill is prepared from Cordyceps, Ganoderma, Gecko, Fructus Fici, Radix Astragali, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, and Poria, by mixing and making pill. JIAN Pill is prepared from Herba Solani Nigri, Gekko Swinhonis, Pheretima, Xylosmae japonici, Herba Agrimoniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Uninbracteatae, Mylabris, Scorpio, and Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum, by crushing, extracting with ethanol, and decocting with water. TIAN Pill and JIAN Pill are used together for treating tumor such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, and intestinal cancer; and can also relieve adverse side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy Formula1: GEKKO SWINHONIS 0.5-2%; BULBUS FRITILLARIAE UNINBRACTEATAE 16-46%; PHERETIMA 2-8%; MYLABRIS 0.0005-0.0015%; XYLOSMAE JAPONICI 2-8%; SCORPIO 1-5%; HERBA AGRIMONIAE 5-25%; RHIZOMA PINELLIAE PREPARATUM 16-36%; HERBA SOLANI NIGRI 5-20% Formula2: CORDYCEPS 0.5-1.5%; GANODERMA 5-15%; GECKO 0.5-1.5%; FRUCTUS FICI 7-20%; RADIX ASTRAGALI 18-38%; FRUCTUS LIGUSTRI LUCIDI 18-38%; PORIA 10-28%

25. 2. Auxiliary Files

26. Outline FIVEauxiliary files are provided together with the database to support and facilitate information retrieval • Compound Registry File • Traditional Medicine Registry File • Chinese Traditional Medicine Formula File • TCM Name Dictionary File • Synonym File

27. Compound Registry File 2.1 All active chemical compounds existing in patent document are registered in the compound registry file as below (a full record).

28. Traditional Medicine Registry File 2.2 All natural medicines existing in patent document are indexed by an unique code system, which provide users comprehensive information relevant to a natural medicine. The following is the sample of a full record.

29. 3. Helping Tools

30. Outline 3.1 TCM Dictionary 3.2 User Thesaurus With the Two Tools, users are able to -- check TCM name and thesaurus -- expand the search to thesaurus dictionary -- revise, add, delete words in the list

31. TCM Dictionary 3.1 The TCM dictionary contains 10 thousands Traditional Chinese medicine records. Contents in Each Record: • Chinese Standard names • Chinese Synonyms: • English Drug names • Latin Drug names • Latin Plant/Mineral names • Chinese Pinyin

32. TCM Dictionary Interface Based on the selected search result, clicking the button of “Search in Abstract DB”, it will conduct crossing search in the indexed patent database by default. The Search Result:

33. User Thesaurus 3.2 User Thesaurus Interface Users can add new group users can add new word In “Basic Search” interface, there is a button “Expanded Search ”, click the button, and the system will automatically expand the keyword to the thesaurus list to conduct the search

34. 4. Searching & Analyzing Platform

35. Quick Search Interface 4.1

36. Form Search Interface 4.2

37. Advanced Search Interface 4.3 Check field code Search for herb-based medicine used as “food additive”

38. IPC Search Interface 4.4 Click the button, it will move to the corresponding pages to conduct search with the selected IPC field

39. TCM Formula Search Interface 4.5 You can add/delete/change the medicine name in the list

40. Formula Similarity Search Interface 4.6

41. Natural Medicine Search Interface (1) 4.7 Based on the selected result of the name search, the crossing search in the patent abstract database can be make The result of the medicine “GINSENG” search

42. Natural Medicine Search Interface (2) Click the button “Search in Abstract DB” in last slid, it will conduct crossing search in indexed patent database by default as below

43. Chemical Structure Search (1) 4.8 Search Entries Click the button, there will appear a window for users to draw the chemical structure for search Based on the selected search result, clicking the button of “Search in Abstract DB”, it will conduct the crossing search in the indexed patent abstract database by default.

44. Chemical Structure Search (2) Search Result Chemical Structure Drawing area Search result in indexed patent database based on the selected result of Chemical structure search

45. Display & Download of Search Results 4.9 A Full Record 1 2 3 4 5 6 • Users can set the display option to decide which fields to display • Twenty records can be displayed together at a time • Users can print the records directly • Analyze selected records • Save to My Patent • THREE optional download formats, including TXT, HTML, ACCESS

46. Analysis of Search Results 4.10 Click the    icon to enable statistical options.

47. Trends Analysis of Patent Publications Click Trend analysis of patent applications link to pop up the statistic page. The default display mode is Table and you may choose other modes, i.e., Histogram, Pie chart and Line graph according to your preference. If the records are showed in multiple pages, click First, Previous, Next, Last, to navigate, or enter a number in the Go to Page box to go to that page directly.

48. Trends Analysis of Patent Applications Click Trend analysis of patent publications link to pop up the statistic page. The default display mode is Table and you may choose other modes, i.e., Histogram, Pie chart and Line graph according to your preference. If the records are showed in multiple pages, click First, Previous, Next, Last, to navigate, or enter a number in the Go to Page box to go to that page directly.

49. Trends Analysis of IPCs Click Trend analysis of IPCs link to pop up the statistic page. The default display mode is Table and you may choose Histogram or Line graph according to your preference.

50. Co-occurrence analysis of Assignee Click Co-occurrence analysis of Assignee to expand three options: Top 10 entries, Top 20 entries, Top 50 entries, for displaying the top assignees in different number. Select and click one of them to display the assignee.