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IT 20303 – DBMS Concepts

IT 20303 – DBMS Concepts. Relational Database Theory. Relational Database Theory. The Database Environment Evolution of Computing Technology Punch-Cards – 1950-60s Character Based VDU – 1960-70s GUI – 1980-90s Voice/Telephony – 1990-Beyond. Relational Database Theory.

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IT 20303 – DBMS Concepts

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  1. IT 20303 – DBMS Concepts • Relational Database Theory

  2. Relational Database Theory • The Database Environment • Evolution of Computing Technology • Punch-Cards – 1950-60s • Character Based VDU – 1960-70s • GUI – 1980-90s • Voice/Telephony – 1990-Beyond

  3. Relational Database Theory • The Database Environment • Evolution of Processing Environments • Batch Processing – 1950-60s • Online – 1970-80s • Networked – 1980-90s • Future ? – 2000-beyond

  4. Relational Database Theory • Computing Technology based on Advances in: • Hardware – economics and miniaturization • Continues to provide increasing power at decreasing costs • Enables a broad range of powerful servers and workstations

  5. Relational Database Theory • Computing Technology based on Advances in: • Software – availability & capabilities • Off-the-Shelf applications software • Software to support all phases of application development

  6. Relational Database Theory • Computing Technology based on Advances in: • Connectivity – networking & internet • Creates demand for web-enabled applications • Allows interaction with many systems & databases

  7. Relational Database Theory • Database Technology Evolution • Files – 1950-60s • Hierarchical – 1960-70s • Network – 1970-80s • Relational – 1990-beyond

  8. Relational Database Theory • Database Technology • Relational is the dominate database technology • Importance of business rules is widely recognized • Importance, use, and amount of data is increasing

  9. Relational Database Theory • Database Technology • Our understanding of the nature of data is expanding • Scalar (traditional) data: numbers, character strings, dates • Complex data: graphics, images, geographic data, audio, video, documents

  10. Relational Database Theory • Database Technology • Relational DBMS capabilities are being extended • To handle larger volumes and complex data

  11. Relational Database Theory • Database Technology • Trend is to provide a GUI to the database • Accessing the database via the web

  12. Relational Database Theory • Impact of Technology Advances • Systems are user-oriented rather than machine-oriented • Rate of new technology & product introduction is very fast • People use computers, databases, & the internet to do their jobs

  13. Relational Database Theory • Impact of Technology Advances • Conducting business on the internet is vital to most organizations • Still working to provide easier user access to data • Still seeking better ways to turn data into useful information

  14. Relational Database Theory • Database Environment – Introduction • Components: • Data • Users • Network • Software • Hardware • Administration

  15. Relational Database Theory • Database & the DBMS • What is a Database? • A collection of related data • Intended for use by a known group of users • Designed & built for a specific set of requirements • Represents (or models) some aspect of the real world

  16. Relational Database Theory • Database & the DBMS • What is a database management system (DBMS)? • A collection of programs • Enables users to create, maintain, & access a database

  17. Relational Database Theory • Why use a Database & a DBMS? • A database supports data sharing • Many users access the same data • Minimizes duplicated data and resulting update inconsistencies

  18. Relational Database Theory • Why use a Database & a DBMS? • An RDBMS is a productivity tool • Provides efficient storage and access techniques • Provides a standard databse access language, SQL • Many development & case tools interface to RDBMSs

  19. Relational Database Theory • Why use a Database & a DBMS? • An RDBMS provides centralized control of operational data • Restricts access to authorized users: security • Supports recovery of data in case of failure: durability

  20. Relational Database Theory • Why use a Database & a DBMS? • Provides access by multiple users at the same time: concurrency • Supports business rules about data values, relationships: integrity

  21. Relational Database Theory • Different Groups of Users work with Databases • Data Administration • End Users • Data Analyst • Business Systems Analyst • Systems Analyst • Programmer Analyst • DBA

  22. Relational Database Theory • End Users are at all levels in the organization • End Users’ primary job function is not programming • Need information to answer questions, make decisions, etc. • Provide input for data and process requirements • Scattered throughout the organization

  23. Relational Database Theory • Analysts • Business Systems Analyst • Expertise in business operations • Develop specifications, process models for applications

  24. Relational Database Theory • Analysts • Systems Analyst • Expertise in business applications development • Develop specifications, models, and applications

  25. Relational Database Theory • Analysts • Data Analyst • Expertise in business applications, especially data usage

  26. Relational Database Theory • Analysts • Programmer Analyst • Expertise in programming, application development/maintenance • Uses VB, C++, etc. • Support day-to-day operations of the enterprise

  27. Relational Database Theory • Database Administrator (DBA) • Interfaces with Users • Builds and Populates the database • Manages disk storage, backup, & recovery • Maintains passwords & access authorization

  28. Relational Database Theory • Database Administrator (DBA) • Monitors performance & responds to changing needs • Installs new releases of the RDBMS & related products • Keeper of the Data Dictionary

  29. Relational Database Theory • Database Administration • Develops high-level data architecture • Supports current & expected business functions • Responsible for a global view of all the enterprise’s data

  30. Relational Database Theory • Database Administration • Overall data architecture can have many subject databases • One or more subject databases can have one or many DBAs • Integral to Information Resource Management (IRM) philosophy

  31. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Production Database • Used to accomplish business functions of an organization • Online or batch applications • Objective is reliable, timely, valid processing of data

  32. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Database usage includes CRUD activities • Creating, Reading, Updating, & Deleting data (CRUD) • Sometimes referred to as online complex processing

  33. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Required features of DBMS often include: • Security • Recovery • Concurrency • Transaction Processing

  34. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Decision-Support Database • Used for analysis, querying, & reporting • Read-Only • Sometimes referred to as OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP)

  35. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Required features of DBMS environment often include: • Easy-to-Use query tools or custom applications

  36. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Data Warehouse • An approach to providing a database for querying and analysis

  37. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Individual Use Database • A DBMS & a database in the individual user’s workstation • Single-User environment

  38. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Initially mass-consumer-oriented • Example: dBASE, Paradox, FoxPro, Access • RDBMS vendors introduced personal versions: • Personal Oracle (Free) • IBM DB2/2 – ($600/year) • Sybase SQL Anywhere – ($200)

  39. Relational Database Theory • Uses of a Database • Required features often include ease of: • Installing, Use • Reporting • Producing simple applications

  40. Relational Database Theory • The Database Development Process • Requirements • Analysis/Design • Produce • Build/Test • Production Maintenance

  41. Relational Database Theory • Roles in Application & Database Development - Logical • Data • Data Administration • Data Analyst • Conceptual Data Models • ERDs • Created with help of the Users

  42. Relational Database Theory • Roles in Application & Database Development - Logical • Process • Business Systems Analyst • Systems Analyst • Process Model • DFD, Action Diagrams, Process Specification Diagrams

  43. Relational Database Theory • Roles in Application & Database Development – Physical • Data • Database Administrator • Database

  44. Relational Database Theory • Roles in Application & Database Development – Physical • Process • Programmer Analyst • Program Code

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