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Bringing Mathematical Formatting to the Web

Bringing Mathematical Formatting to the Web. An Overview of the Technology and SLAC’s Experience Session F19. Background. The need for “math on the web” was obvious from the start <math> was included in the HTML+ specification (November 1993) HTML 4.0 includes Greek/math symbol sets

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Bringing Mathematical Formatting to the Web

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  1. Bringing Mathematical Formatting to the Web An Overview of the Technology and SLAC’s Experience Session F19 Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  2. Background • The need for “math on the web” was obvious from the start • <math> was included in the HTML+ specification (November 1993) • HTML 4.0 includes Greek/math symbol sets • But no one knew how to do it right… • LATEX? • Mathematica? Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  3. The Challenges • Rendering • bringing the granularity of LATEX to the level of HTML • graphical and textual representations • display issues - baselines, etc. • Generation • formatting tools • application output Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  4. The Challenges (2) • Interoperability • use of semantic information in other applications Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  5. Bitmapped Mathematics • Easily generated and embedded in HTML pages • Lack of support in non-graphical systems • Issues • scaling, anti-aliasing, contrast • inability to edit or extend • concentration only on appearance • Support - MINSE, WebEQ, etc. Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  6. LATEX Approaches to Web Math Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  7. MathML • MathML 1.0 - W3C Recommendation - April 1998 • W3C Math Working Group composed of major players • MathML is an instance of XML Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  8. MathML Goals • To provide a method for defining a mathematical expression in terms of its presentation and semantics (meaning) • To provide a low-level format for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication • To facilitate the use and re-use of mathematical and scientific content on the Web Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  9. Taxonomy of MathML Elements • Presentation elements - describe mathematical notation structure; e.g., <mrow> • Content elements - describe mathematical objects directly; e.g., <vector> • Interface elements - describe external interfaces; e.g., <math> passes parameters to a MathML processor Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  10. MathML Example Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  11. MathML Example (2) Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  12. Authoring MathML • Not intended to be authored “by hand” • Programs such as Mathematica, Maple, MathType will support MathML • Authoring environments (e.g., Amaya) Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  13. Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  14. Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  15. SLAC and Web Math • SPIRES-HEP Database Catalog • Over 415,000 papers - most with math • Once accessed via QSPIRES • The first “killer app” on the Web • Control over display via pre-processing response Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  16. Initial Efforts • LATEX2HTML • MINSE • developed at University of Waterloo • supported by the AMS • “polymediator” - media-independent • uses own math markup but plans for MathML • server-based Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  17. Initial Efforts (2) • WebEQ • graphic generated by Java application Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  18. MINSE Example Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  19. IBM TechExplorer • “IBM TechExplorer Hypermedia Browser” • A Web browser plug-in • Dynamically formats and displays documents coded with TEX/LATEX and MathML Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  20. TechExplorer Example Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  21. TechExplorer Example (2) Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  22. Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  23. TechExplorer/SPIRES-HEP Issues • Titles and Header Information • Abstract Viewing • Linking to Full Documents Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

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  28. References • M. Goosens, S. Rahtz, et. al., “The LaTeX Web Companion,” Addison-Wesley, 1999 • http://www.w3.org/Math/ • MINSE - http://www.lfw.org/math/top.html • http://www.webeq.com/ • http://www.mathtype.com/ • http://www.gutenberg.eu.org/omega/ Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  29. References (2) • http://www.software.ibm.com/techexplorer • “Communicating Math with Hypertext”, http://www.geom.umn.edu/events/courses/1996/cmwh/ • “Including Math Notation in Web Pages”, http://forum.swarthmore.edu/typesetting/index.html Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  30. References (3) • HTML 4.0 character sets - http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/ Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

  31. Special Thanks • Mimi Jett, IBM Research, who co-authored the paper • SLAC Library • SLAC Technical Publications Bebo White, SLAC- CHEP2000

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