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M.I.S.S. - M.A.R.S.

M.I.S.S. - M.A.R.S. W. E. Krumbein ICBM, University of Oldenburg Germany. Classification of Biostructures. Classification of Biostructures. Biopitting of Keats (Foreigner cemetery of Rome). Microbial and mechanical alterations of rock surfaces. What is Biopitting ?.

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M.I.S.S. - M.A.R.S.

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  1. M.I.S.S. - M.A.R.S. W. E. Krumbein ICBM, University of Oldenburg Germany

  2. Classification of Biostructures DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  3. Classification of Biostructures DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  4. Biopitting of Keats (Foreigner cemetery of Rome) DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  5. Microbial and mechanical alterations of rock surfaces DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  6. What is Biopitting? • Biopitting is a natural phenomenon related to the activity of rock inhabiting microbiota • Biopitting is characteristic for erosional features more rapid and more specific than chemical or physical erosion • Biopitting can be classified into several orders of magnitude (micro-,meso-,macro-,megapits) • Biopitting can be classified by organism (bacterial, cyanobacterial, fungal, lichen generated structures) DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  7. Biopitting is produced mainly by lichen and fungal biofilms/networks • Biopitting is produced by lichens, free living fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria including cyanobacteria. • It was shown in the field and laboratory that they penetrate even resistant silicate rocks creating bioerosional structures • Biopitting is a very fast biodeterioration process • It proceeds chemical or mechanical upon chemical conditioning. DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  8. Make the Invisible visible, see the dimensions The microbial Network detection DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  9. Microbial alterations of rock colour are difficult to detect DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  10. Black meristematic poikilophilic yeast form tiny hard colonies and satellite colonies causing stains; mechanical perforation is typical; pigment formed can be excreted, and lead to biopatina or rock varnish formation DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  11. Biopatina formation on the monument and the quarry DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  12. In 1850 the Acropolis carried an orange patina created by lichens and fungi • In 1900 the patina had changed to black stainedpatina created by surface growth of black yeast and cyanobacteria • In 1950 the marble at the surface was white while the flora retreated into the rock DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  13. Microcolonial fungi on limestone of the Negev Desert and in marble of the Acropolis, Athens DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

  14. Microbially Altered Rock Surfaces (M.A.R.S.) -can biologically produced alterations be analysed by remote sensing techniques? DFG-Priority Programme MARS and the terrestrial Planets- IV. MMII Münster W. E. KRUMBEIN M.A.R.S.

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