The fatal five

1. The fatal five By: Nancy Reese, John Michael, Joshua Lewis, Whitney Richmond, Jocelyn Cortez, Cameron Thor, Melissa Hawkes, and Michelle Aponte (Group 2)

2. Table of Contents • Introduction • Speeding • No Seatbelt • DUI’S • Distracted Driving • Drowsy Driving • Conclusion

3. What is the Fatal Five? • Five preventable things that can save drivers on the road • Speeding, no seatbelt, DUI, distracted driving, and drowsy driving • 125 of Utah’s Highway Patrol are teaming up with other Highway Patrols along I80, where most accidents are seen. • The point is for drivers to see troopers along the highway and be more aware of preventing the fatal five. “More Cops, more stops”

4. Speeding The Fatal Five

5. SpeedingFacts Excuse’s • Speed-Related crashes were 3.4 times more likely to be fatal than other motor vehicle crashes • Speed was a factor in 43% of fatal crashes in 2011 • Running Late • Road Rage • I’m only going 10 miles over • The car in front of me was doing it. • Emergency Statistics Utah Department of Public Safety: Speeding. <http://publicsafety.utah.gov/highwaysafety/documents/Section4Speed2011.pdf>

6. Dangerous • Why is it dangerous well consider the Following • Magnifies Driving errors. • Extends the distance necessary to stop a vehicle • Reduces a driver’s ability to steer safely around curves or objects in the road • Decreases the effectiveness of vehicle design features, such as seat belts • Reduces the stability of the vehicle structure. Utah Department of Public Safety: Speeding. <http://publicsafety.utah.gov/highwaysafety/documents/Section4Speed2011.pdf>

7. Slow Down!! So help Utah be safe. Slow down. Try to leave early and obey the speed limit. It all comes down to you.

8. Speeding (Add-on) • Speeding occurs in 33% of all fatal crashes. • Speeding costs you money! - For every 5 mph over 60 mph, you pay $0.24 per gallon of gas at the pump. • Crashes cost society more than $40 billion annually. • 13,000 lives are lost each year due to speeding. • Speeding can lead to more risky behavior such as drinking while driving and not wearing your seat belt. http://www.cnrlawyers.com/news/dangers-of-speeding-while-driving/

9. SEATBELT statistics -In 2008, 64% of the passenger vehicle occupants ages 13 to 15 and 21 to 34 killed in traffic crashes were not using restraints.  These age groups had the highest percentage out of all age groups. -Research has shown that lap/shoulder seat belts, when used, reduce the risk of fatal injury to front-seat passenger car occupants by 45% and the risk of moderate-to-critical injury by 50%. -Ejection from the vehicle is one of the most injurious events that can happen to a person in a crash.  In fatal crashes in 2008, 77% of passenger vehicle occupants who were totally ejected from the vehicle were killed. -Among passenger vehicle occupants over age 4, seat belts saved an estimated 13,250 lives in 2008.  If all passenger vehicle occupants over age 4 had worn seat belts, 17,402 could have been saved. -The vast majority of the public 16 and older either strongly agree (88%) or somewhat agree (7%) with the statement “If I were in an accident, I would want to have my seat belt on.”  However, about one-half (47%) of 16- to 20-year olds also agreed with the statement “Seat belts are just as likely to harm you as help you.” -Injury avoidance was the most frequent reason given for wearing a seat belt. Text Source:  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Safety Facts 2008 Data – Occupant Protection.

10. Seatbelt Use (Add-on) • Seat belts reduce serious crash-related injuries and deaths by about 50%. • Men are 10% less likely to wear seat belts than women. • Air bags provide added protection but are not a substitute for seat belts. Air bags plus seat belts provide the greatest protection for adults. • A primary enforcement seat belt law means a police officer can pull someone over and issue a ticket to the driver just because someone in the vehicle is not wearing a seat belt. • A secondary enforcement law only allows a police officer to issue a ticket for someone not wearing a seat belt if the driver has been pulled over for some other offense. http://www.cdc.gov/Motorvehiclesafety/seatbelts/facts.html

11. Driving Under the Influence The Fatal Five

12. Alcohol Effect on Central Nervous System • Altered speech • Hazy thinking • Slowed reaction time • Dulled hearing • Impaired vision • Weakened muscles • Foggy memory

13. 223 Billion vehicle trips per year in America. 116.5 of which are DUI drivers. • DUI drivers kill every 53 minutes in America. • DUI drivers injure every 90 seconds. • $51.1 billion in annual monetary costs due to alcohol related traffic accidents. • $62.3 billion in life lost costs. • $71.6 billion annual costs for general public (not involved in alcohol related traffic accidents). • What does a DUI cost? $1,300 Bail $250 Tow fee $60/day vehicle storage fee $350 State Tax impound fee $250 Driver’s License Reinstatement fee (18 mo. Revocation/3 mo. Suspension) $200 Ignition Interlock Device $80 mo. Ignition Interlock rental (18 mo.) Increased Insurance costs! Court Fees! Attorney Fees!!! $10,000 Average

14. Driving Under the Influence (Add-On) • According to 2009 drunk driving statistics, there were 10,839 traffic fatalities in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes. • If you are arrested and charged for a DUI, the state will prosecute you accordingly. • Regardless if it is your first offense or second, if an individual is killed in an accident you are involved in and you were driving under the influence, you will be charged with vehicular manslaughter. • There is an average of 900,000 arrested each year for DUI/DWI and a full 1/3 of those are repeat offenders. http://www.quitalcohol.com/dangers-of-drinking-and-driving.html

15. Distracted Driving The Fatal Five

16. What is distracted driving? • Texting • Using a cell phone • Eating and drinking • Talking to passengers • Watching a video • Grooming • Reading, including maps • Using a GPS • Adjusting a radio, MP3 player, or CD player In 2011, 3,331 people were killed in crashes involving a distracted driver, compared to 3,267 in 2010. An additional, 387,000 people were injured in motor vehicle crashes involving a distracted driver, compared to 416,000 injured in 2010. Official US Government Website for Distracted Driving, n.p, n.d, Web. 27 July 2013 <http://www.distraction.gov>

17. Texting Text messaging requires visual, manual, and cognitive attention from the driver. It is very distracting and very dangerous. For drivers 15-19 years old involved in fatal crashes, 21 percent of the distracted drivers were distracted by the use of cell phones. -National Highway Traffic Safety Administration At any given daylight moment across America, approximately 660,000 drivers are using cell phones or manipulating electronic devices while driving, a number that has held steady since 2010. -National Occupant Protection Use Survey Official US Government Website for Distracted Driving, n.p, n.d, Web. 27 July 2013 <http://www.distraction.gov>

18. The best way to end distracted driving is with education about how dangerous it is. Official US Government Website for Distracted Driving, n.p, n.d, Web. 27 July 2013 <http://www.distraction.gov>

19. Distracted Driving (Add-On) • There are three types of distracted driving: - manual (taking your hands off of the wheel)- visual (taking your eyes off of the road)- cognitive (taking your mind off of driving) • Cell phone use was reported in 18% of distraction-related fatalities in America. • Texting takes your eyes off of the road for 4.6 seconds. • Utah’s primary law is a ban on texting for all drivers. • Utah's law defines careless driving as committing a moving violation (other than speeding) while distracted. http://www.distraction.gov/content/get-the-facts/state-laws.html

20. Drowsy Driving The Fatal Five

21. Just as dangerous, more common • Sleepiness, like alcohol, can cause: • Impaired reaction time, judgment and vision • Problems with information processing and short-term memory • Decreased performance, vigilance and motivation • Increased moodiness and aggressive behaviors • Most Americans, statistically, do not get enough sleep! • -"Facts." Drowsy Driving Stay Alert Arrive Alive RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://drowsydriving.org/about/>. Young and emerging adults (18-29) are much more likely to drive drowsy than any other age group. Drowsydriving.org states, “The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conservatively estimates that 100,000 police-reported crashes are the direct result of driver fatigue each year. This results in an estimated 1,550 deaths, 71,000 injuries, and $12.5 billion in monetary losses.” -"Facts and Stats." Drowsy Driving Stay Alert Arrive Alive RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://drowsydriving.org/about/facts-and-stats/>.

22. Unreliable facts The facts in the previous slide may be an extreme underestimation as there is no real way to measure drowsiness, as there is with alcohol (breathalyzer, walk a straight line, etc.). States don’t report the same way all across the board. They don’t all take the same information, and that leads to gross inconsistencies. However, many European countries, who do have much more consistent crash reporting procedures, report that drowsy driving accounts for a whopping 10 to 30 percent of auto accidents. -"Facts and Stats." Drowsy Driving Stay Alert Arrive Alive RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://drowsydriving.org/about/facts-and-stats/>.

23. In conclusion Sleepiness causes similar impairments to alcohol Most Americans do not get enough sleep Emerging adults are most likely to drive drowsy The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration thinks that 1550 deaths, 71000 injuries, and $12.5 billion in losses are incurred each year, but that’s just the tip of the ice berg.

24. Drowsy Driving (Add-On) • The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that fatigued driving causes approximately 100,000 crashes annually. • Sleep deprivation can seriously impair decision-making abilities, putting a fatigued driver at a severe disadvantage behind the wheel. • The National Sleep Foundation states that being awake for 18 hours results in impairment similar to that of a blood alcohol content (BAC) level of .05, which increases to .10 after 24 hours. • According to the National Sleep Foundation, men are at a higher risk of driving while drowsy than women. http://www.ndssdrivingschool.com/the-dangers-of-drowsy-driving.html

25. IN CONCLUSION • Speeding causes extremely higher impact, and more fines and tickets.  • Not wearing a seatbelt results in being ejected from a vehicle, lives are saved by seatbelts. • It only takes one time of driving under the influence tohave an accident that could possibly result in vehicular manslaughter.  • Distracted driving is something that can be easily avoided by playing it smart and keeping focus on the road. • Drowsy driving causes similar effects to driving under the influence. Don't drive tired. There are far too many injures and fatalities caused by careless driving due to five major common factors included in the Fatal Five. Speeding, not wearing a seatbelt, DUI's, distracted driving, and drowsy driving. these are all things that can be changed through individual drivers' choices and law enforcement. 

26. It will save numerous lives to stop making unacceptable excuses and deciding NOW to change the high statistics of auto accidents through using common sense. Be smart, save lives by spreading awareness of the fatal five.

27. Group 2 members: Nancy Reese John Michael Joshua Lewis Whitney Richmond Jocelyn Cortez Cameron Thor Melissa Hawkes Michelle Aponte.