Sera Iyanoye Lindsey Farrington Queendoline Ekpo

1. STD: what about it? Chapter 29Sexually Transmitted DiseasesLesson 2: Common STDs and their TreatmentsGrade 12Age 18 Sera Iyanoye Lindsey Farrington Queendoline Ekpo

2. Myths or Facts • A vaccine can prevent the spread of STDs • You can have only on type of STD at a time • Some types of STDs are incurable and last a lifetime • You can get STDs only if you have lots of sexual partners

3. Myth or Facts • Once infected with an STD, you cannot get it again • You can still have an STD, even if the symptoms go away

4. What is it? • Sexually transmitted disease • Viral • Bacteria • Parasites

5. Who is at risk? YOU

6. Parasites

7. Scabies • Microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei infection of the skin • Affects people of races and ages • Transmission • Direct skin to skin contact with a person infected • Sharing clothes, towels and bedding • Up to a month on human body • 48-72 hours away from human body

8. Scabies Symptoms • Pimple-like irritations • Intense itching, especially at night and over most of the body • Sores on the body caused by scratching. These sores can sometimes become infected with bacteria

9. Scabies Treatment • Special lotions prescribed by doctors • All clothes should be washed with hot water • Proper showers should be taken • Every body in contact with infected person should be treated

10. Pubic lice • Pubic lice are parasitic insects found in the genital areas of human • It is commonly known as crabs due to its shape • Transmission • Usually spread through sexual contact • Rarely spread through contact with infected person bed linens, towels, or clothes

11. Pubic lice Where is it found? • Pubic hair on genital area • Hair on legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows or eyelashes • Found on eyebrow or eyelashes in young children • SIGNS; Itching in the genital area. • Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice

12. Pubic lice • Symptoms • Itching in the genital area • Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice • Treatment • Pediculicide (1%): prescription • Lindane (1%): non prescription • For lice on eyebrows or eyelashes, remove with fingernails or an ophthalmic grade petroleum ointment available by prescription

13. Bacterial Infections

14. Gonorrhea • Transmission • Penis, vagina, anus, mouth, with or without ejaculation • Mother to baby during pregnancy and childbirth • 700,000 new infection/year

15. Men’s Symptoms Burning sensation when urinating Discharge of penis Itching Painful or swollen testicles Women’s Symptoms Burning sensation when urinating Vaginal bleeding between periods Increased vaginal discharge Gonorrhea

16. GonorrheaOpportunistic Infections Women • pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • infertility Men • Epididymitis • infertility • Connections with Chlamydia

17. Gonorrhea Treatment • Antibiotics can cure Gonorrhea • Treatments will stop infections, not fix permanent damage • Re-infection is possible!

18. Chlamydia • Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis • 2.8 million infected each year • Symptoms • Same as gonorrhea • Burning sensation while urinating • Unusual discharges from genitals

19. Chlamydia Treatment • Cured with antibiotics • Left untreated ; PID (40% of women), permanent damage to fallopian tubes, uterus, infertility • Men: complications are rare, sterility might occur

20. Syphilis • Bacterium Treponema pallidum • In the USA over 32,000 cases including 6,862 primary and secondary (P&S) cases in 2002 • Between 2001 and 2002, the # of reported P&S syphilis increase 12.4 percent • Rates in men are 3.5 times more that women • Rates highest in women 20 to 24 years old, men between 35-39 years • Highest rates are found in southern states

21. Syphilis Transmission • Direct contact with syphilis sore • During vaginal, anal, and oral sex • Sores occur mainly on vagina, anus, or in the rectum • Sores can occur on lips and in the mouth • Many sores are unrecognized, thus most transmission is from person unaware of infection

22. SyphilisPrimary Stage Symptoms • Appearance of chancres • Time between infection and symptoms might range from 10 to 90 days • Chancre last 3 to 6 weeks, and heals without treatment. If untreated progresses to secondary stage

23. Syphilis Secondary Stage. Symptoms • Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions • Rashes can appear as chancre is healing or weeks after chancre heals • Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headache, weight loss, muscle ache and fatigue

24. SyphilisLate stage. Symptoms • Hidden stage leads to damage to internal organs like hear, eyes, nerves, brain, liver, blood vessels, bones and joints • Difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness Gradual blindness, and dementia • DEATH!

25. Syphilis Treatment • Single penicillin injection will cure infections that are less than a year Additional dosage needed for infection more than a year • Treatment will kill bacteria but not repair damage • Re-infection is possible!

26. Trichomoniasis • Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis • 7.4 million new cases each year • Symptoms • Women: frothy yellow green vaginal discharge with strong odor, itching in genitals, pain during urination or intercourse • Men: slight burning after urination or ejaculation, mild discharge

27. Trichomoniasis Treatment • Curable with prescribed antibiotics

28. Classroom Chaos

29. Viral Infections

30. HIV/AIDS • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS • AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • Disease that destroys the body’s immune system, leaving a person susceptible for life-threatening illnesses

31. HIV/AIDS Transmission • Fluids: vaginal, semen, breast milk, blood • Sexual contact with an infected person • Sharing needles (shooting drugs) with infected person • Mother to baby during pregnancy

32. Symptoms Dry cough Shortness of breath Weight loss Pink/purple blotches on or under the skin Persistent vaginal yeast infections Fever, chills, night sweats Swollen glands in neck, armpits, groin areas Frequent diarrhea Mouth sores HIV/AIDS

33. HIV/AIDS Treatments • No known cure, although there are drugs that can slow the progress of HIV • There are also drugs that can prevent or treat opportunistic infections

34. HIV/AIDS Opportunistic Infections • Infections that occur as result of weak immune system caused by HIV

35. HPV • Human Papillomavirus • 20 million people infected • Low risk • Genital wart of the anus, cervix, vagina, vulva, penis • High Risk • Can lead to cancers of the penis, vulva, cervix, vagina

36. HPV Transmission • Skin to skin contact

37. HPV Symptoms • There are no symptoms although warts may be present • Treatments • There is no cure for HPV, but there is treatment for genital warts • Warts can be removed by freezing, burning, laser treatment • The body can naturally rid itself of the virus

38. Herpes • What is Herpes? • Virus that causes outbreaks of skin blisters and sores in genital area

39. Herpes Symptoms • Tingling, burning, pain in genital area • Difficult or painful urination • Red areas on genitals from blister bursting

40. Herpes Transmission • Sexual contact with person who has it • Touching infected area of someone who has it • Can be spread even if symptoms are not present • Can spread during childbirth

41. Herpes Herpes • There is no known cure • Medications can reduce the number ofoutbreaks

42. http://www.trojancondoms.com/info_center/condom_use Proper use of condom

43. Preventions and risk reductions of STD. • Abstinence (100% safe) • Talking to partners about HIV/AIDS and other STDs • Practicing safer sex • Not sharing needles

44. Any Questions?