Dissemination & access

1. Dissemination & access A convergence of two histories

2. History of computers (1)

3. History of computers (2) Micros 1974- Charles Babbage & Lady Lovelace Integrated circuits 1966 - 1973 Herman Hollerith & 1890 census Transistors 1960 - 1965 Vacuum tubes 1937 - 1959 1800s … 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970

4. Database timeline Write remote location w/ query – 2-week turn-around time Batch-mode computing 1964 Online 1972 packet-switched networks take hold Networks 1975 interactive 1971 NASA Recon ► DIALOG required long-distance call 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

5. Database timeline Batch-mode computing 1964 No expert mediation needed Online 1972 Networks 1975 End users 1983 CD-ROM 1985 ERIC locally-mounted; searched via OPAC ; Gopher LAN 1990 WWW 1992 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

6. Print-based sources - advantages Psychological Abtracts No equipment required Familiar; little training required Available any time Older information available Library owns the materials Index Medicus

7. Print-based databases -disadvantages Space Searching tedious, time consuming Physical processing required Each volume separate (must repeat searches) Must photocopy references Patron must come to library to use

8. Online databases (e.g. DIALOG) - Advantages Up-to-date? Little space required Pay-for-use Multiple access points

9. Online databases (e.g. DIALOG) - Advantages (cont'd) Many databases per host Volumes cumulated May merge products Results can be printed/downloaded

10. Online databases (e.g. DIALOG) - disadvantages Mostly recent information Requires telephone or Internet connection Relies on network Relies on host

11. Online databases (e.g. DIALOG) - Disadvantages (cont'd) Pay-for-use hard to budget $6.48 Estimated cost File 149 $3.35 Estimated cost File 73 $9.83 Estimated cost this search Requires training, practice S SOFTWARE(W)ENGINEERING/TI,DE Access speed could be slow

12. CD-ROM - advantages Fixed price Patrons like it - "free" Multiple access points Volumes cumulated Available any time library open Software for end users

13. CD-ROM - disadvantages Prices high May only lease Multiple disks May be one user per disk

14. CD-ROM - disadvantages Some training & support required Installation may not be easy because not standardized Limited number of products Not as up-to-date as online

15. Locally-mounted databases - advantages Widespread access Lease tape or download and load on local OPAC Cost-effective for high volume Consistent interface

16. Locally-mounted databases - disadvantages Unsophisticated search engine on local OPAC Not as up-to-date as online Must load updates locally

17. Web-based remote databases - advantages Up-to-date? Hardware: standard p.c. with network interface card Multiple access points May have multiple databases per host

18. Web-based remote databases - advantages Volumes cumulated Results printed or downloaded Multiple synchronous users Users familiar with interface

19. Web-based remote databases - disadvantages Prices high Do not own data Limited number of products compared to print Access dependent on Internet connectivity Greater bandwidth needed

20. Ideal situation One interface for all databases

21. Z39.50 One interface for many library catalogs

22. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway INNOPAC SirsiDynix Voyager

23. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway Brief record Gone with the wind TITLE

24. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway

25. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway

26. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway

27. Adelphi without Z39.50

28. Library of Congress Z39.50 Gateway Z39.50 11010010 11010110 Title=Gone with the wind 11010010 11010110 01011011 11101111

29. Z39.50 • Each OPAC software package conforms to set of standards • Standards are presented in ANSI/NISO Z39.50-2003 • Allows Z39.50 gateway to present query to database and database to respond following protocol both can understand • Requests for bids should include Z39.50 compliance

30. Using citation and abstract indexes – the old way Psychological abstracts. BF1 .P65 Stress and Graduate School Cacaophilia, Candace. 2001. Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress. Stress and health 17(1):11-99. Psychological Abtracts

31. Using citation and abstract indexes – the old way Stress and health. R726.5 .S8 Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress by Cacaophilia, Candace One hundred twenty-eight LIS graduate students surveyed reported that … Stress and Health

32. Using citation and abstract indexes – with first OPACs Psychological abstracts. BF1 .P65 Stress and Graduate School Cacaophilia, Candace. 2001. Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress. Stress and health 17(1):11-99. Psychological Abtracts

33. Using citation and abstract indexes – with first OPACs Stress and health. R726.5 .S8 Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress by Cacaophilia, Candace One hundred twenty-eight LIS graduate students surveyed reported that … Stress and Health

34. Using electronic citation and abstract indexes PsycINFO Stress and health R726.5 .S8 Use of chocolate by LIS Living with stress in school How graduate school drove me Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress by Cacaophilia, Candace One hundred twenty-eight LIS graduate students surveyed reported that … Stress and Health

35. Adding full text databases PsycINFO Academic Search Premier EBSCOhost Use of chocolate by LIS … Living with stress in school How graduate school drove me Use of chocolate by LIS … Citation and abstracts database Partial full-text database Use of chocolate by LIS graduate students to alleviate stress by Cacaophilia, Candace One hundred twenty-eight LIS graduate students surveyed reported that …

36. Adding full text databases Question: PsycINFO Why can’t we click on citation and be taken to the full-text of the article paid for by the library? Use of chocolate by LIS … Living with stress in school How graduate school drove me Citation and abstracts database

37. How do we get from citation to full text? ? doi:10.1300/J104v29n01_02

38. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Title:  LCSH: semantics, syntax and specificity Author:  Svenonius, E Source:  Cataloging and Classification Quarterly; 29 (1/2) 2000, p.17-30 DOI: 10.1300/J104v29n01_02 part of a system for identifying content objects in the digital environment

39. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Characteristics • Unique Identification – Denotes one and only one entity • Persistence – Denotes the same item indefinitely (never re-assigned) • Resolution – DOI serves as input to a system that returns metadata about the object, including current location • Interoperable – Once assigned, DOI can be utilized in a variety of systems

40. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Title:  LCSH: semantics, syntax and specificity Author:  Svenonius, E Source:  Cataloging and Classification Quarterly; 29 (1/2) 2000, p.17-30 DOI: 10.1300/J104v29n01_02 Prefix: Publisher Suffix: Identifier for object

41. International DOI Foundation (IDF) http://www.doi.org/ Provides infrastructure and sets rules for the DOI system.

42. Resolving a DOI at http://www.doi.org/ 10.1300/j104v29n01_02

43. Resolving a DOI at http://www.doi.org/

44. Resolving a DOI at http://www.doi.org/

45. International DOI Foundation (IDF) Registration Agency Registration Agency Registration Agency Registration Agency

46. http://www.crossref.org

47. http://www.crossref.org 10.1300/j104v29n01_02 10.1300/J104v29n01_02

48. http://www.crossref.org

49. Resolving a DOI at http://www.doi.org/

50. http://www.crossref.org prefix prefix prefix prefix Publisher Publisher Publisher Publisher