Rhetorical and Literary Devices

1. Rhetorical and Literary Devices List of commonly used rhetoric and syntax for effect Powerpoint 1

2. Big Ideas Rhetoric Figurative Language words used in a metaphorical sense, as opposed to literal examples: simile, metaphor, personification, imagery, hyperbole, alliteration, onomatopoeia, etc. • the effective and artful use of language • rhetoric may be persuasive, expository, argumentative, etc.

3. Syntax: patterns, formation, or arrangement of language. • Simple sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and no dependent clauses. • Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses but no dependent clauses. • Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. • Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. • Fragment

4. Simple • My aunt enjoyed taking the hayride with you. • China's Han Dynasty marked an official recognition of Confucianism. • I like cheese. • Do you believe in Santa Claus? • I enjoy popping zits.

5. Compound • The clown frightened the little girl, and she ran off screaming. • The Freedom Riders departed on May 4, 1961, and they were determined to travel through many southern states. • I enjoy popping zits and I like to eat the white heads. • She flossed her teeth and she put the plaque residue onto a cracker.

6. Complex • After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short • While all of his paintings are fascinating, Hieronymus Bosch's triptychs, full of mayhem and madness, are the real highlight of his art. • Although I enjoy popping zits, the best part is sucking out the juice through a Capri-Sun straw.

7. Compound-Complex • Catch-22 is widely regarded as Joseph Heller's best novel, and because Heller served in World War II, which the novel satirizes, the zany but savage wit of the novel packs an extra punch. • I threw the puppy off the top of the building; furthermore, on the way down, the puppy’s eyelid got caught on a nail protruding from a window on the second floor.

8. Fragment: Incorrect Usage • Incorrect use of fragments: • Often couples who had lived together for years had to separate. • Since there were no further arguments. • Makes ear wax. • “This one time at band camp.”

9. Fragment: Correct Usage • A sentence fragment can be used for effect, to draw attention to a particular phrase or statement. • And what drew Wanda to love Arthur? Personality, pure personality. • Bigotry. It exists when a group of people want to prohibit the rights that they have from a particular group of people identified by a common trait. • A sentence fragment can be used to express a particular emotion, such as scorn or sarcasm. • The team's defense had an excellent game against their rivals. Yeah, right! They lost 38-26. • Another argument is that having a ban on marijuana can lead to a ban on tobacco. Hooray!!

10. Fragment: Correct Usage • A sentence fragment can also be used to answer a yes or no question or a question that requires only a one or two-word answer. • Did the attack on the World Trade Center lead to the war on Iraq? No. Did the threat of nuclear weapons in Iraq lead to that war? No. What led to the war in Iraq was a desire to clean up what was begun in the Gulf War.

11. Rhetorical Constructs: • logos: “reason or the rational principle expressed in words and things, argument, or justification.” Logic. • pathos: “the quality or power, in literature or speech, of arousing feelings of pity, sorrow, etc.” Emotion. • ethos: “the moral element in literature that determines a character's action rather than his or her thought or emotion.” If the speaker wishes to prove how or why he/she is believable or credible on the topic, then the speaker is using ethos. Answers the questions: why should I listen to you? why should I take your word on the matter? who are you to talk about this? how do you relate to me? Relatability. Connectedness.