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The New Imperialism

The New Imperialism. 1800-1914. Imperialism. What is Imperialism? The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

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The New Imperialism

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  1. The New Imperialism 1800-1914

  2. Imperialism • What is Imperialism? The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. • What prior movement enabled New Imperialism? The Industrial Revolution supplied the technologies of domination and created the need for large quantities of natural resources. • What Continent experienced the most invasive effects of New Imperialism? Africa was nearly completely dominated by European powers by the end of New Imperialism.

  3. Causes of New Imperialism • Economic Interests • Industrialization had created a large need for natural resources. Examples include rubber, petroleum, and minerals such as manganese. • New areas of control could lead to new markets to sell finished goods in. • Colonies could support Europeans who felt that their countries were getting too crowded.

  4. Causes of New Imperialism • Political and Military • Politics • A large global empire was thought to improve a nation’s prestige. • Military • Taking colonies could prevent other nations from having them, and growing in power. • Forward bases were necessary to perpetuate and protect trade.

  5. Causes of New Imperialism • Humanitarian and Religious Goals • Humanitarian • Many Europeans thought that Imperialistic efforts would help the less “developed” nations. • Stems from the paternalistic way that Europeans viewed those that they Imperialized. • Religious • Many Christian missionariesfelt that they needed to bring Christianity to these “heathen” peoples.

  6. Causes of New Imperialism • Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer first applied Darwinism to society. • This is the idea that if a culture or society was stronger than it was “superior” • These apparent “superior” societies became that way by nature. • Domination of weaker nations accelerated the process of nature. • Overall, it was believed that this was improving humanity.

  7. The Rapid Spread • Weak Non-Western States • African states had been weakened by the slave trade. • Middle Eastern and Asian civilizations were in decline. • Western Advantages • Strong Economies • Stable Governments • Powerful Militaries • Superior Technology

  8. Resistance • Nationalist Movements • Armed struggle to repel the invaders. • Strengthening values to resist cultural domination. • Protests at home • Imperialism as the tool of the rich. • Immorality of subjugation • Iron of more democratic governments institutionalizing inequality.

  9. Imperial Rule • Colonies – An area where a foreign power has established a government that exerts direct control over the native people and resources. • Protectorate – Allowing the rulers to be in power once they agree to follow the advice of a Western advisor. • Sphere of Influence – An area in which a foreign power claims and maintains sole trading privileges.

  10. Africa • Before European Conquest • North Africa is largely part of the Muslim world. It includes the coast along the Mediterranean and the Sahara. • West Africa and East Africa were also largely impacted by Islam. • Southern Africa was largely dominated by the Zulus under the leadership of King Shaka

  11. Africa Explored • Explorers • Explorers lead the way in mapping much of Africa. • Usually more concerned with geography then the people that they met. • Missionaries • With the trail having been blazed missionaries followed explorers into Africa • They hoped to help the people of Africa. • Brought Christianity, built schools and clinics. • Viewed African’s as children in need of direction, very “paternalistic.

  12. The Congo • King Leopold II • Established a hold on the African Congo • Exploited its resources and people mercilessly • His actions pushed other nations to begin staking claims • Mutilated and Murdered thousands of Africans for wealth.

  13. Meeting in Berlin • Berlin Conference, 1884 • A gathering of European powers held in Berlin. • This was a means of avoiding war between the powers. • It established ground rules for staking claims in Africa.

  14. Independence Won • By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia remain independent. • Liberia has support from the U.S. as an ex-slave colony. • Ethiopia defeats the Italians • A Christian nation • In the late 19th Century King Menelik II emerges • Unites the country under his rule. • Modernizes the country with an infrastructure • Creates a modern army.

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