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1. Title By: EC

2. Lung Cancer, more formally known as Bronchogenic Carcinoma, is one of the most common types of cancers in the world. Killing 1.3 million people yearly, Lung Cancer is the number one leading cause of cancerous death in the world. [8] Basically, Lung Cancer is when malignant (dangerous and harmful) tumors appear in the lungs. Cancerous cells that had started growing in the lungs grow uncontrollably and take over other cells and organs. [6]

3. About 150 years ago, it was exceptionally rare to have Lung Cancer. Only 1% of all cancers were to do with the lung. The percentage had risen to about 10% by 1918 and 14% by 1927. As the years went on, the percentage began increasing. [5] As tobacco smoking began becoming popular among the public, the percentage increased even more dramatically. During the past 30 years, the number of women with lung cancer has increased due to an increased number of them smoking. In 1987, Lung Cancer exceeded deaths caused by Breast Cancer for women in the U.S. Women now account for 40% of all lung cancer cases. [2][4] http://www.battelle.org/Environment/publications/envupdates/winter2005/gfx/cigarette.jpg

4. There are two major types of lung cancers which can be categorized even more depending on the tumor’s cell differentiation. NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER As the most common type of lung cancer, it does not spread as fast as the other types. Squamous Cell Carcinoma; - accounts for 25 - 30% of all lung cancers; arises from cells lining the central bronchi Adenocarcinoma; - it causes about 35% of all cases; arises from the lining of the bronchi Large Cell Carcinoma SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER Although, not as common, this type of cancer spreads faster than non small cell lung cancers. Small Cell Carcinoma; - 20-25% of all lung cancer cases; develops in the central lung http://www.cleanair.utah.gov/images/how_pollution_affects.gif

5. The main cause of Lung Cancer is caused by cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke. Cigarette smoking directly causes 90% of lung cancers in men and at least 70% of lung cancers in women. [6] Second-hand smoke is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer can also be caused by: http://toshop.free.fr/plus_loin/images/ cigarette/cigarette_final.jpg Radon Asbestos http://www.aptiva.co.uk/cms/site/images/ asbestos%20slates.jpg Other toxic products (like uranium or arsenic)

6. Common Symptoms include; • worsening cough that doesn’t go away • consistent chest pain • coughing up blood • shortness of breath • wheezing • hoarseness • pneumonia or bronchitis • neck or face swelling • loss of appetite leading to weight loss • fatigue (constant tiredness) http://www.stanford.edu/group/ virus/adeno/2005/cough.gif http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/09_04/ LittleCartoon2409_468x347.jpg

7. There are many tests that can determine if you have lung cancer or not: MEDICAL HISTORY - The doctor analyzes your medical history: whether you’ve smoked, where you live or work, your family’s cancer history, or whether you have the symptoms or not, etc. CHEST X-RAY - An x-ray is taken and analyzed NEEDLE BIOPSY - A needle is inserted into the chest and a piece of the tumor is collected to be examined • MEDIASTINOSCOPY • Used to determine if it has spread to the lymph nodes • - A small cut is made in the neck and a tube is inserted to collect fluid samples CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) SCAN - A detailed x-ray taken by a computer which is incredibly accurate http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~bilheal/aykonu/ay2007/ Nisan07/cancer_files/image015.jpg

8. Treatment usually depends on what kind of cancer and how serious it is. SURGERY PNEUMONECTOMY – one lung is removed LOBECTOMY – a section (lobe) is removed SEGMENTECTOMY – part of a lobe is removed LASER SURGERY – cancer cells in a tumor are destroyed by a high energy beam of light RADIATION THERAPY High energy radiation is used to kill cells CLEMOTHERAPY Anti-cancer drugs are taken – either by swallowing or by injection. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ Lungs_diagram_simple.svg/483px-Lungs_diagram_simple.svg.png

9. We currently do know a lot about lung cancer. The most effective thing to do is to prevent it. The Lung Association of Canada funds research to find further treatments and a possible cure for lung diseases, including lung cancer.

10. [1] Irons-Georges, Tracy. (2002). Lung Cancer. In Magill’s Medical Guide (Vol. 2, pp. 1388 - 1390). Hackensack: Salem Press, Inc. [2] Larson, David E. (1990). Mayo Clinic Family Healthbook. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. [3] Memorial-Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (2008). Sloan-Kettering - Lung Cancer. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/376.cfm. [4] Outpatient Lung Cancer Surgery Institute (2005). Lung Cancer History. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www.lungcancersociety.ord/lung-cancer-history.htm. [5] Oxford Journals (2001). A Short History of Lung Cancer -- Witschi 64 (1): 4 -- Toxicological Sciences. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/64/1/4. [6] The Lung Association (April 2006). Lung Diseases - Lung Cancer. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www.lung.ca/diseases-maladies/cancer-cancer_e.php. [7] U.S. National Library of Medicine (April 10, 2008). Medline Plus: Lung Cancer. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lungcancer.html. [8] World Health Organization (February 2006). WHO | Cancer. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/.