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其他保存方法 Other Preservation Methods

第三部份：食品保存與微生物. 其他保存方法 Other Preservation Methods. 黃顯宗 東吳大學 M202. 教學目標. 認識其他食品保存方法與微生物之關係 認識發展中的食品保存方法與微生物之關係. ASEPSIS. 避免微生物污染 食物的天然阻隔 如 組織、表皮、硬殼等 加工的無菌操作 包裝處理. R emoval of Microorganisms. Filtration juice, soft drink, beer, wine, water Centrifugation Sedimentation Washing.

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其他保存方法 Other Preservation Methods

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  1. 第三部份：食品保存與微生物 其他保存方法Other Preservation Methods 黃顯宗 東吳大學 M202

  2. 教學目標 • 認識其他食品保存方法與微生物之關係 • 認識發展中的食品保存方法與微生物之關係

  3. ASEPSIS • 避免微生物污染 • 食物的天然阻隔 • 如 組織、表皮、硬殼等 • 加工的無菌操作 • 包裝處理

  4. RemovalofMicroorganisms • Filtration • juice, soft drink, beer, wine, water • Centrifugation • Sedimentation • Washing

  5. High Pressure Processing • Shape, color, and nutrients of most foods are not affected. • Commercially available in Japan since the early 1990s. • Reference

  6. Change in inactivation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii with pressure http://www.wsu.edu/~gmhyde/433_web_pages/433Thermal-nontherm-procesg/HighHydroPressure.html

  7. 1個標準大氣壓等於101,325 Pa 0.101325 MPa

  8. Control of Listeria in meat by high pressure D value又出現了 http://www.amif.org/AMIFResearch/1AMIpressure.pdf#search='High%20Pressure%20listeria'

  9. Response of Bacteria • Mutants resistant to high pressure were found • Stress response system stimulated

  10. Pulsed Electric Fields, PEF • 短暫高電壓的處理 • G＋較 G- 耐性強，更不容易殺死 • 孢子比營養細胞耐性強 • Stationary phase比 log phase 耐性強 • 傷害細胞膜致細胞死亡 • 與電的強度、處理時間、處理溫度有關

  11. Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water • 是利用稀鹽水加以電解，在陽極產生具pH值在2～6之間、氧化還原電位 (oxidation reduction potential, ORP) 為 +1,000 mV以上，含有效氯並具有殺菌特性之酸性電解水 • 酸性電解水，具有殺菌能力

  12. Electrolyzed water http://www.ewatersystems.com.au/e-water/electrolyzed-water/how-does-it-work/

  13. 電解水處理 Listeria菌 Liu and Su, 2006

  14. 處理 E. coli, Salmonella和Listeria 菌 Venkitanarayanan et al., 1999

  15. Manothermosonication • 或稱為Thermoultrasonication • 同時結合熱與超音波處理 • Effective in reducing the thermal resistance of enzymes peroxidase, lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase.

  16. Alternative Food Processing Technologies • Pulsed Light, Oscillating Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, X-ray…. • FDA • http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Ecomm/ift-toc.html

  17. PEF處理Listeria菌 Inactivation kinetics of L. innocua NCTC 11289 at different electric field strengths. Symbols: ■, 2.0 to 2.1 V/μm;   , 2.3 to 2.5 V/μm; ●, 2.7 to 3.0 V/μm;  , 3.2 to 3.5 V/μm; ■, 3.6 to 3.9 V/μm. The pH of the treatment medium was 5, the conductivity was 0.51 S/m at an inlet temperature of 40°C, and the pulse length was 3.9 μs. The inoculum contained 1.4 × 106 CFU/ml. The results are the means of data from two experiments, and standard deviations are indicated by error bars. Wouters et al., 1999

  18. 使用Phages • 如針對Listeria, E. coli, Salmonella等 • 參考文獻

  19. Bacteriocins • 細菌形成，如乳酸菌 • Protein性質, destroyed by digestive enzymes • Nontoxic • Heat stable, storage stability • No off-flavors or off-odors • Narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity • 舉例 • Nisin • Subtilin, against G+ bacteria, like Nisin • 菌種改良

  20. Bacteriocins-Nisin http://ans-bv.nl/Admin/mkstats/usage_200310.html

  21. Bacteriocins Nisin Subtilin Natamycin Tetracyclines

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