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Science Module

Science Module. 7 th Grade. Body Systems Circulatory System. 7 th Grade Science. Background. Circulatory System Structures. Heart Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Blood. Circulatory System Function.

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Science Module

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  1. Science Module 7th Grade

  2. Body SystemsCirculatory System 7th Grade Science

  3. Background

  4. Circulatory System Structures • Heart • Blood Vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries • Blood

  5. Circulatory System Function • The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

  6. Two Pathways • Pulmonary Circulation • Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart • Systemic Circulation • Carries blood to body and back to the heart

  7. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation • 3 types of vessels • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins

  8. Arteries:carries blood Away from heart • Large • Thick-walled, Muscular • Elastic • Oxygenated blood • Exception Pulmonary Artery • Carried under great pressure • Steady pulsating

  9. Capillaries • Smallest vessel • Microscopic • Walls one cell thick • Nutrients and gases diffuse here

  10. Veins:Carries blood to heart • Carries blood that contains waste and CO2 • Exception pulmonary vein • Blood not under much pressure • Valves to prevent much gravity pull

  11. Your Heart: The Vital Pump • At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. • During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

  12. Heart:Structure and Function • Keeps blood moving • Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle

  13. Structure of Heart • Four chambers • Two upper (Atrium) • Right Atrium • Left Atrium • Two lower (Ventricles) • Right Ventricle • Left Ventricle

  14. Bloods Path Through the Heart • Both Atrium fill at same time • Right atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavas • Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins • After filled with blood atriums contract, pushing blood into ventricle

  15. Both ventricles contract Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, • against gravity, • through pulmonary arteries

  16. Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont) Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood • out of heart through • aorta (largest vessel)

  17. The Blood • Body contains 4-6 L • Consists of • Water • Red Blood Cells • Plasma • White blood cells and platelets

  18. Erythrocytes (RBC) • Transporters of • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide

  19. Leukocytes (WBC) • WBC fight infection • Attack foreign substances • Less abundant • Large cells

  20. Platelets • PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood • Cell fragments • Produced in bone marrow • Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) • Form a web trapping blood cells

  21. Blood Clotting Section 37-2 Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

  22. Blood Types • Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion • Four Types • A • B • AB • O • Inherited from your parents

  23. Blood Types

  24. What happens when you mix blood types? • Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens • If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING • Type O is the universal donor • Type AB is the universal acceptor

  25. What Makes Our Blood Type?

  26. Blood Transfusions Blood Type of Recipient Blood Type of Donor A B AB O A B AB O Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

  27. Getting to the Heart of the Matter http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/human-body/circulatory-system.htm

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