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MICROQUASARS: DISK-JET COUPLING

MICROQUASARS: DISK-JET COUPLING. Felix Mirabel European Southern Observatory. Chile. MULTI- l APPROACH TO HIGH ENERGY SOURCES IN THE GALACTIC CENTRE REGION. Mirabel, Rodriguez, et al, 1992. Wang et al. ApJ 2002. Chandra. Belanger, Goldwurm, Goldoni, ApJ 2003.

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MICROQUASARS: DISK-JET COUPLING

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  1. MICROQUASARS: DISK-JET COUPLING Felix Mirabel European Southern Observatory. Chile

  2. MULTI-l APPROACH TO HIGH ENERGY SOURCES IN THE GALACTIC CENTRE REGION Mirabel, Rodriguez, et al, 1992 Wang et al. ApJ 2002 Chandra Belanger, Goldwurm, Goldoni, ApJ 2003 INTEGRAL Black Hole VLA: l6cm Since 1995 five Microquasar workshops

  3. QUASAR-MICROQUASAR ANALOGY Mirabel & Rodriguez (Nature 1998) QUASAR MICROQUASAR The scales of length and time are proportional to MBH Rsh = 2GMBH/c2 ; DT a MBH Unique system of equations: The maximum color temperature of the accretion disk is: Tcol a (M/ 10M)-1/4 (Shakura & Sunyaev, 1976) Waited era of space astronomy For a given accretion rate: LBol a MBH ; ljeta MBH ; j a MBH-1 ; B a MBH-1/2 (Sams, Eckart, Sunyaev, 96; Rees 04) APPARENT SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN mQSOs AS IN QSOs ?

  4. WITH SAME BULK LORENTZ FACTORS AS IN QSOs Mirabel & Rodriguez, 1994 SUPERLUMINAL MOTION IN THE GALAXY -RELATIVISTIC ABERRATION FROM TWIN JETSSEEN TWO-SIDED - mQSOJETS MOVE ON THE SKY ~103 TIMES FASTER THAN QSO JETS - IN AGN AT D<100 Mpc JETS ARE RESOLVEDAT ~50 Rsh(e.g. M87,Biretta) PHYSICS: NEED TO STUDY BHs ACROSS ALL MASS SCALES

  5. DARK JETS FROM BLACK HOLES Radio (Dubner et al); X-rays: (Brinkmann et al) SS433/W50 VLA l20cm 1o = 60 pc 1arcsec • RADIATIVELY INEFFICIENT JETS  “DARK” • RELATIVISTIC HADRONSWITHV = 0.26c • MECHANICAL LUMINOSITY > 1039 erg/sec • IN mQSOs >50% OF THE ENERGY IS NOT RADIATED • X-RAY MOVING JETS IN mQSOs TeV ELECTRONS

  6. COMPACT STEADY JETS GRS 1915+105: Dhawan,Ribo & Mirabel (2006) Mirabel, Dhawan et. al, 1998 2.0 cm 3.6 cm • ~100 AU IN LENGTH PRESENT DURING LOW HARD STATE • SPEED OF THE FLOW < 0.4c (Dhawan, Ribo & Mirabel 2006) • LARGE SCALE JETS CAN BE INTERPRETED AS SHOCKS • PROPAGATING AT ~0.98cTHROUGH THE COMPACT JETS • THE COMPACT JETS REAPPEAR AFTER LARGE FLARES

  7. DT a MBH ACCRETION–JET CONNECTION 1 hr in GRS 1915+105= 30 yr in SgrA* Mirabel et al. 1998 • THE TRIGGERS OF JETSAREINSTABILITIES IN THE ACCRETION DISK (TRANSITION LOW HARD TO HIGH SOFT). THE X-RAY “SPIKE” MARKS THE ONSET OF A SHOCK THROUGH THE COMPACT, STEADY JET • ANALOGOUS ACCRETION-JET CONNECTION IN 3C 120 Marscher (2002)

  8. MICROBLAZARS VHE (>100 GeV) DETECTED FROM MICROQUASARS LS 5039 with HESS & LSI +61 303 with MAGIC (Aharonian & Albert et al. in Science) TWO MODELS: Mirabel (Science, 2006) 1) Microblazars (Mirabel & Rodriguez,1999):IC of e- jets on UV photons (Paredes et al. 2002) or hadrons in the jets (Romero et al. 2005)with matter of the stellar wind. 2) Pulsar wind (Maraschi & Treves, 1981):winde- on UV as in PSR B1259-63

  9. QSO -mQSO -GRB ANALOGY HAVE THE SAME 3 BASIC INGREEDIENTS (Mirabel & Rodriguez, S&T 2002) no no FOR DISK-JET COUPLING IN ASTROPHYSICAL BLACK HOLES

  10. MOVING X-RAY JETS IN A mQSO mQSOs XTE J1550-564 & H1743-322 Corbel et al. Science 2002, 05 X-rays are produced by synchrotron  electrons accelerated to TeV energies

  11. ANALOGOUS ACCRETION-JET CONNECTION IN 3C 120 ? BUT IN TIME SCALES OF YEARS Marscher, Marti et al. Nature 2002

  12. GAMMA-RAY BURSTS OF LONG DURATION MARK THE BIRTH OF BLACK HOLES BY CORE COLLAPSE OF MASSIVE STARS Associated with SN Ic& super-relativistic jets

  13. VHE (>100 GeV) FROMg-RAY BINARIES LS 5039 with HESS (Aharonian et al. Science 2005) LSI +61 303 with MAGIC (Albert et al. Science 2006) VHE emission is variable • Both have compact objects with masses M < 4 M • Both are runaway HMXBs formed < 2 x 106 yrs ago

  14. SUMMARYMicroquasars have provided insight into: • THE PHYSICS OF RELATIVISTIC JETS FROM BH’s • THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ACCRETION & EJECTION • THE FORMATION OF STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES • Microquasars could provide insight into: • A LARGE FRACTION OF ULXs IN NEARBY GALAXIES • GRBs OF LONG DURATION IN DISTANT GALAXIES • THE PHYSICS IN THE JETS OF DISTANT BLAZARS BLACK HOLE ASTROPHYSICS IS TODAY IN AN ANALOGOUS SITUATION AS WAS STELLAR ASTRONOMY IN THE FIRST HALF OF LAST CENTURY, WHEN THE HR DIAGRAM WAS CONSTRUCTED FOR FIRST TIME

  15. LARGE-SCALE JETS IN CYGNUS X-1 Gallo, Fender et al. Nature 2005 Ring diameter = 5 pc > 50% OF THE RELEASED ENERGY IS NOT RADIATED LARGE-SCALE JETS IN GRS 1915+105 ? Rodriguez & Mirabel (2006) Hot spots at ~ 50 pc

  16. IF THE EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS X-ray/radio/mass QPOs/mass Noise-spectrum/mass Gallo et al. 2004 Abramovics, 2005 Uttley et al. 2004 BECOME MORE ROBUST, INDEPENDENTLY OF THE MODELS, THE MASS AND SPIN OF BLACK HOLES WILL BE DETERMINED

  17. THE BLACK HOLE FUNDAMENTAL PLANE Merloni et al. Falke, Koerding et al.

  18. SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN QSOs & AGN • OBSERVED IN > 30 QSOs & AGN • IN RADIO & OPTICAL WAVES • PROPER MOTION SEEN IN YEARS • Vapp UP TO 30c in blazars • One sided because of Doppler boosting • WHAT IS THE NATURE ? • “PLASMONS” OR SHOCKS ?

  19. LS 5039 WAS EJECTED FROM THE GALACTIC PLANEA VHE (> 100 GEV) SOURCE Paredes, Ribo et al. 2002 Ribo, Paredes et al. 2002 V = 100-140 km/s; e~0.5; Mj = 2000-5000 Km/s M ; Mejected in SN = 5-15 M

  20. VHE FROM COMPACT BINARIES • PULSAR WIND MODEL: Power by rotational energy (Dubus, 2006) • PSR B1259-63, LS 5039 & LSI +61 303 have compact objects with M < 4 MSUN • Time variability & x-ray spectrum of LSI +61 303 resemble those of young pulsars • LSI +61 303 is a Be star like PSR B1259-63 & all known Be/X-ray binary are NSs • But does not satisfactorily fit the GeV & radio wavelength fluxes in LSI & LS 5039 • Definitive proof: Detection of pulsations in LS 5039 & LSI +61 303 • MICROQUASAR JET MODELS: Power by accretion(Bosch-Ramon) • Particle energy in QSOs and mQSOs are comparable (blazar-microblazar analogy) • The kinetic power in mQSOs is equal or larger than the radiated power • Electrons in the jets are accelerated up to TeV energies • LS 5039: jets are steady, two-sided, seem to have bulk motions of 0.2-0.3c as compact mQSO jets, and no radio outbursts have been observed (Paredes et al.) • Definitive proof: VHE emission from confirmed BHs (e.g Cyg X-1, V 4641,GRS 1915) RADIO IMAGES WITH HIGHER SENSITIVITY AND RESOLUTION

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