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Understanding the Basics of Membrane Filtration CHEN 320 – Group 7

Understanding the Basics of Membrane Filtration CHEN 320 – Group 7. Lianne Monterroso Scott Shelton Patricia Stratton Emily Wilborn. Roadmap. Introduction to Membrane Filtration Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Membrane Materials, Structure, and Morphology

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Understanding the Basics of Membrane Filtration CHEN 320 – Group 7

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  1. The Effect of Thoughts on a Candle Flame Eliza Mancini Mrs. Pietrangelo

  2. Hypothesis • Problem: Can a thought affect the properties of an object? • Hypothesis: If the thoughts on a candle flame are positive then the flame will burn more vigorously. • Null: The thoughts on a candle flame will not effect way the candle burns.

  3. My Reasoning • Read Dan Brown’s book the Lost Symbol • Introduced me to noetics • I’m fascinated by things that seem improvable

  4. Basic Concepts • Noetic Science: a single thought contains mass • Telekinesis: ability to move objects with the mind • Mental Acuity: how quick or sharp the mind is • Thought: product or reaction of mental activity

  5. Design Diagram IV: The thoughts on the candle DV: The vigor of the candle flame, measured by wax melted in centimeters.

  6. Design Diagram Cnt. • Constants: • Type of Candle • Types of thought per trial • Stop watch used • Ruler used • Amount of time • Type of lighter • Type of lighter fluid

  7. Procedure ***THIS EXPERIMENT MUST BE SUPERVISED BY AN ADULT AT ALL TIMES*** • Gather 30 willing subjects and complete consent form • Have subject look at 2 candles separately and assign thoughts • Light the candle for 1:30 then snuff • Measure the burnt wick and record data

  8. Safety Precautions • Fire hazard • May cause slight stress to the subject • Requires focus and attention which may strain some

  9. Results • Average Control: 0.93cm • Average Positive: 1.01cm • Average Negative: 0.81cm

  10. Statistical Analysis

  11. Statistical Analysis My p value was less than .001, meaning there was a less than .001% chance that my results were due to chance. p<.001

  12. Graphed Averages

  13. Conclusion • My null hypothesis was rejected and my hypothesis was supported • ~0% chance that my results were due to chance • Thoughts can affect the characteristics/properties of a candle flame.

  14. Errors and Improvements • Measuring method • Range of age of people • The thoughts could have varied • Use a triple beam balance rather than a ruler • Use a single age group • Try not to rely on thoughts because of how uncontainable they are

  15. Applications and Extensions • Mind Control • Aiding the disabled • Solely focusing on whether the thought is negative or positive • Testing how age affects the strength of one’s thoughts

  16. Special Thanks To… • Mrs. Pietrangelo • My Mom • My subjects • The Internet

  17. Sources "Acuity, thought, telekinesis, noetic." Dictionary.com. 2010. 17 Oct. 2010 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/>. "Calculate The Estimated Burn Time for a Candle." Candle & Soap Making Techniques. 2002-2005. Intermountain Connect. 11 Oct. 2010<http://www.candletech.com/calculator/burntime.php>. "Fire - Oxygen to CO2." Ask the Van- Illinois Department of Physics. 24 July 2006.UIUC Department of Physics. 17 Oct. 2010<http://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1539> Glass, Don. "What is Fire." A Moment of Science. 31 Dec. 2008. Indiana Public Media.16 Oct. 2010 <http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/fire/>. Nagourney, Eric. "VITAL SIGNS: AGING; A Pick-Me-Up for Sagging Mental Acuity." New York Times01 Jan. 2002.

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