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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Stoichiometry. Section 1. The quantities of a reaction. What is Stoichiometry? - the process of predicting how much mass of a substance is involved in a reaction. (This is an important skill since most chemicals are mass produced). What are we doing?

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Stoichiometry

  2. Section 1 The quantities of a reaction

  3. What is Stoichiometry?- the process of predicting how much mass of a substance is involved in a reaction.(This is an important skill since most chemicals are mass produced). What are we doing? - combining Ch 6(Composition Stoich.) and Ch 7/8(Reactions) to perform Chap 9(Reaction Stoichiometry)

  4. What is the process?1. Balance equation2. List what you know3. Convert what you know to moles4. Relate Moles known to Moles unk. (using balanced equation).5. Convert moles unk. to grams.Details:-flow charts/tables can help organize-density formula will help with volumes.

  5. Here is the template: A  2BC  AC2 B2

  6. ProblemTin II fluoride, also known as stannous fluoride, is added to some dental products to help prevent cavities. What mass of tin II fluoride can be made from 55.0 g of hydrofluoric acid, HF, if there is more than enough tin?

  7. Here is the template: Sn  2HF  SnF2 H2

  8. Sn  2HF  SnF2 H2

  9. Sn  2HF  SnF2 H2

  10. Sn  2HF  SnF2 H2

  11. ProblemIn space shuttles, the CO2 that the crew exhales is removed from the air by the reaction within canisters of lithium hydroxide, LiOH. Each astronaut exhales about 20.0 mol of CO2 daily. What volume of water will be produced from the CO2 with plenty of LiOH. The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

  12. Here is the template: CO22LiOHLi2CO3H2O

  13. CO22LiOHLi2CO3H2O

  14. CO22LiOHLi2CO3H2O

  15. Section 2 It’s not a perfect world

  16. Section 2 Reactions rarely work out perfectly

  17. In the real world one reactant usually runs out before the other and stops the reaction..The LIMITING REACTANT The other reactants which are left over are called..The Excess Reactants

  18. ProblemHydrochloric Acid(aq) is secreted in your stomach and can be neutralized in a double displacement reaction by taking an antacid such as aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 (Rolaids). If 34.0g grams HCl are secreted and 12.0g of Al(OH)3 are taken, is there enough Al(OH)3 to react with all of the HCl?

  19. Al(OH)33HClAlCl33H2O

  20. Al(OH)33HClAlCl33H2O

  21. Al(OH)33HClAlCl33H2O

  22. Al(OH)33HClAlCl33H2O

  23. Al(OH)33HClAlCl33H2O There is not enough Rolaids (not a 1:3 ratio)

  24. In the real world reactions don’t always go to completion (nonpurity of reactants & reversal back to reactants). This leads to less than perfect products… PERCENT YIELD % yield = Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield * 100

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