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Dissociative Disorders. Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D. Penn State Harrisburg. Characteristics. Changes in the sense of identity, memory or consciousness Relatively rare disorders. Dissociative Amnesia Unable to recall important information Often after stressful episode Limited time period
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Dissociative Disorders Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D. Penn State Harrisburg
Characteristics • Changes in the sense of identity, memory or consciousness • Relatively rare disorders
Dissociative Amnesia Unable to recall important information Often after stressful episode Limited time period Traumatic event Dissociative fugue state More extensive memory loss May assume a new identity Some purposeful travel Types of Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder At least two separate states of identity Different modes of thinking and feeling Long lasting Also called Multiple Personality Possible Malingering Conscious attempt to avoid punishment or make other gains Ken Bianchi Case Other Dissociative Disorders
Simulation of Psychopathology • Ken Bianchi - Hillside Strangler • Several articles in the International Journal of Clinical Hypnosis • Initial evaluation by Watkins indicated MPD • Later evaluation by Orne indicated simulation of hypnotic trance state
Etiology of Dissociative Disorder • Thought to result from massive repression • Parts of the self are “split off” from awareness • Behavioral analysis emphases an extreme avoidance response • Individuals with MPD may be highly suggestible
Etiology of Dissociative Disorder • There is a link to childhood physical and sexual abuse • Severe trauma appears to be associated with the disorder
Treatment of DID • Psychoanalytical treatment tends to be the treatment of choice • Problems in retrospective memory • Often inaccurate