IMAGE

1. Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration IMAGE Senior Review Presentation July 9, 2001 pre-1981 1981 (DE-1/SAI) J. L. Burch, Principal Investigator (SwRI) T. E. Moore, Project Scientist (NASA/GSFC) P. H. Reiff, Co-Investigator (Rice Univ.) 2000 (IMAGE/EUV) “The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.” - M. Proust

2. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 The extended IMAGE mission focuses on geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of the solar cycle. The evolution of the IMAGE orbit provides a new, mid- and low-latitude and ultimately southern hemisphere viewing perspective.

3. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 Prime Mission (2000-2002) Extended Mission (2002-2005) • solar maximum • declining phase of the solar cycle • high-latitude, northern hemisphere viewing • mid- & low-latitude, southern hemisphere viewing

4. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 Specific studies to be undertaken during the new mission include: Solar Cycle Dependence of Ionospheric Outflow Magnetic Field-aligned Plasma Dynamics Dynamics and Structural Changes in the Magnetopause and Cusp Cusp Plasma Injection Field-aligned Densities and the Closed Field Line Length over Substorm Time Scales Ring Current Pitch Angle Distributions The Plasmapause in Perspective Plasmasphere Refilling Dynamics High-resolution Ionospheric Imaging Most of these studies are made possible by the new viewing perspective that results from the precession of the IMAGE orbit to middle and low latitudes. Open data policy encourages collaborations and new initiatives from non-team members

5. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 Geomagnetic Activity at Solar Max vs. during Declining Phase of the Solar Cycle How does the inner magnetosphere respond to CIRs? How does a cooler exosphere affect polar ion outflow? Bastille Day Storm, 15-18 July 2000

6. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 New Science Results (Since Proposal Submission)

7. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE provides first global look at substorm tail dynamics. Sun contamination Dipolarization and injections reach geosynchronous. Auroral onset. Injection complete Stretched tail field. Dense plasmasheet Ions drift earthward in dipolarization E-field faster than they can be replenished from tail convection field Flux increase due to conservation of adiabatic invariance

8. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE/RPI’s ability to observe ducted echoes makes possible the determination of field-aligned densities and field-line length and topology.

9. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE discovers source of kilometric continuum radiation. EUV imager observes previously unknown “bite outs” in plasmasphere. RPI demonstrates that kilometric continuum is generated deep within bite outs and is beamed along the magnetic equator from a confined source region.

10. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMF Dependence of Subauroral Proton Emissions: the “Q” Aurora

11. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 In addition to its investigation of the geospace environment, IMAGE will continue to exploit LENA’s unique capability to observe solar wind and interstellar neutrals. Specifically, IMAGE will: Study seasonal and solar cycle variations in solar wind neutral flux Search for ENAs formed by charge exchange between shock- accelerated solar wind ions and interstellar neutrals Determine the angular width and start and stop dates of the interstellar neutral signal observed between late December and early February Although primarily a magnetospheric mission, IMAGE contributes to understanding of how the Sun and the galaxy interact (Quest III, SEC Roadmap 2000).

12. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE detects solar wind and interstellar neutrals.

13. Seasonal variation of solar wind neutral atoms as probe of gas and dust in the inner heliosphere Theory: Hydrogen Flux at Earth Theory: Years after Solar Maximum

14. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE provides real-time auroral imaging to the NOAA Space Environment Center.* http://www.sec.noaa.gov/IMAGE/ *IMAGE will provide critical extended auroral imaging that Polar will lose once its fuel is depleted.

15. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 The IMAGE / POETRY team will continue its highly successful education and outreach activities... Development and distribution of IMAGE-based educational materials Participation in teacher workshops; formal collaboration with Earth & Space Science Magnet School in Houston Participation in museum and planetarium programs Communication of exciting results to public via popular press and Web …with particular emphasis on: Influencing the treatment of aurora and the geospace environment in both undergraduate astronomy textbooks and K-12 science books adopted by county and state curriculum committees

16. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 Like the prime mission, the IMAGE extended mission addresses key NASA goals and objectives set forth in the Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan and the SEC Roadmap.

17. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 The IMAGE extended mission advances our efforts to: • learn how galaxies, stars, and planets form, interact, and evolve • understand our changing Sun and its effects throughout the solar system • develop the knowledge to improve our under- standing of space weather • share the excitement and knowledge generated by scientific discovery and improve science education

18. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 IMAGE addresses OSS Strategic Plan GoalObjectiveIMAGE Contribution Image s.w.-mag. Interactions. Find long-term variation of ISNs. Search for ISNs from termination shock. Learn how galaxies, stars, and planets form, interact, and evolve. Understand our changing Sun and its effects throughout the Solar System. Chart the evolution of the Universe from origins to destiny and understand its galaxies, stars, planets, and life. Share the excitement and know- ledge generated by scientific discovery and improve science education. Use robotic science missions as forerunners to human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. Develop new technologies to enable innovative and less expensive research and flight missions. Compare CME and CIR storms Share the excitement of space science discoveries with the public. Enhance the quality of science, math, and technology education, particularly at the pre-college level. Help create 21st century workforce. Popular articles, museum and planetarium exhibits Teacher workshops, pre-college and college curriculum development Undergraduate and graduate research opportunities Develop the knowledge to improve space weather. Nearly continuous multi-spectral imaging of geospace Real-time data link for NOAA Acquire new technical approaches and capabilities. Validate new technologies in space. Apply and transfer technology. Comprehensive set of new magnetospheric imaging technologies developed, validated in space, and published.

19. IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001 The IMAGE extended mission addresses three of the four fundamental quests set forth in the 2000 SEC Roadmap. Quest II. How do the planets respond to solar variations? IMAGE provides nearly continuous global imaging of the solar-wind magnetosphere interaction at solar maximum and, during an extended mission, during the declining phase. Quest III. How do the Sun and galaxy interact? IMAGE obtains measurements of interstellar neutrals and is conducting a search for neutral atoms produced at the termination shock. Quest IV. How does solar variability affect life and society? As the first space weather satellite, IMAGE provides the only global monitor of space weather. And the IMAGE extended mission offers an effective and imaginative approach to the SEC E/PO goals described in the Roadmap.